Monday- Chapter 10
Imperialism and America
- Imperialism became very common with the major powers of the world
- Which countries were the most powerful in1900?
- Great Britain
- Germany
- France
- Untied States
- Russia
New Diplomacy
- 1. Imperialistic
- Going out and conquering territory to create an empire
- Alfred Mahan, Henry Cabot Lodge, TR
- 2. Stronger army and navy
- 3. Interventionists- especially in Central and South America
- becoming more involved in other countries affairs
- Monroe Doctrine
- 4. Strong nationalism
- having strong pride and confidence in one's country
**Most of the world was dominated by European countries**
Why did the US and other countries look to imperialism?
- Brings military power and prestige to your country
- Naval bases and refueling stations
- $$$$- For natural resources as well as opening new markets to your goods(trade)
- Belief in cultural superiority- White Man's Burden (thought that white guys had bigger brains than other races
Chapter 10 Section 2 Notes- The Spanish American War
- By 1900, Spain was a dwindling empire
- Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few colonies in Africa
- The US had been interested in Cuba for a long time
- US tried to buy Cuba in 1854
- Cubans had been revolting against Spain frequently, wanting independence
- Many felt sorry for the Cuban people
What cause an increase in tension between the US and Spain?
- 1. in 1895 civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and Cubans
- 2. The conflict was described "bloody and brutal"
- 3. Newspapers (Yellow Press) reported the brutality of the Spanish General Weyler
- American newspapers were clearly pushing the nation towards intervention in the Cuban situation
Causes of Spanish-American War 1898
- The USS Maine sinking
- The Yellow Press
- Butcher Weyler and his treatment of Cubans in concentration camps
- Concentration camps
- control Cubans
- The De Lome Letter
- Jose Marti's destruction of US property in Cuba-making it look as thought Spain did it
- Get support from US by destroying American property in Cuba
- To help the Cubans get independence
Yellow Press
- Instigated the war
- United the general public to want war with Spain
- Made people feel sorry for the Cubans
President William McKinley- wanted peace with Spain (gave in)
De Lome Letter-
- .."McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble and besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand well with the jingos of his party"
Declaration of War and Teller Amendment
- On April 25, 1898 the US declared war on Spain
- Discuss imperialists vs anti- imperialists in US
- Teller amendment was added to declaration of war against Spain
- Guaranteed Cuban independence after the was was over
Tuesday- Notes
Fronts in the Spanish-American War
- Philippines (Battle of the Manilla Bay
- (Commodore George Dewey- American)
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Rough Riders- Touch guys TR knew was ready to fight
- Leonard Wood- guy in charge of this whole war
- John Hay "A Splendid Little War"
Treaty of Paris- 1898
- Brought an official end to the war
- Spain gave Cuba independence(kind of)
- US got control of the Philippines($20 million), Guam and Puerto Rico
Misc.
- The US Army was not prepared to fight this war- The Navy was excellent
- Roughly 3000 US soldiers died in war- only 385 battle death- 2500 died due to disease
- Lasted April 25- August 12, 1898
- The US became an empire for the first time in our history
Section 10-3- Acquiring New Lands
**In 2012, the majority of Puerto Ricans voted for statehood- It is now up to Congress**
Cuba
- In 1898, Spain gave control of Cuba to the US with the Treaty of Paris
- In 1902, the US granted Cuba its independence as promised with the Teller Amendment
- The US retained the right to intervene to preserve Cuban independence and stability wit the Platt Amendment
- The US got control of Guantanamo Bay as well, a naval base we still have control of today
- In 1934, the Platt Amendment was repealed
- Today
- We've opened trade
- easier to travel (for certain reasons)
- Raul Kastrol- leader of Cuba
The Philippines
- McKinley's Dilemma-
- Independence
- Help them/ protect them
- Emilio Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898
- After the Spanish-American War, the US took over the islands for $20 million in the 1898 Treaty of Paris
- The Philippine-American War broke out after the Filipinos realized that the US would not give them independence
- It ended with American control over island
- 12,000-20,000 Filipinos soldiers dead
- 200,000-1.5 million Filipino civilians died- some contend US committed genocide
- 4,165 US soldiers dead
- In 1935, the Philippines was granted Commonwealth status.
- Plans for independence over the next decade were interrupted by World War II when the Japanese invaded and took them over
- Allied troops defeated the Japanese in 1945
- On July 4, 1946, the Philippines attained its independence
China (People wanted them- big with lots of resources)
- By the late 1800's it was looking as if China would be carved up like Africa had been
- China wanted to prevent this from happening
- John Hay- Open Door Policy
- Boxer Rebellion
Wednesday- (Early out)
The Panama Canal
- A canal across Panama had been desired for a long time- saved time on travel and distribution
- France had started constructing a canal but gave up due to costs and disease
- In 1903, US buys French company's route for $40 million
- Before starting, the US had to get permission from Columbia which controlled Panama
- Columbia refused to allow the US entry
- With Support from the US, Panama revolted against Columbia
- November 3, 1903, Panama was independent from Columbia
- US would pay $10 million and annual rent of $250,000 (Lease was up- we had it for a year)
Panama Canal Construction (problems)
- Biggest engineering undertakings ever
- Fighting diseases (yellow fever and malaria- mosquito)
- Soft, volcanic soil made it hard to remove
- Over 43,000 workers helped build it
- 5,600 workers died
- Cost US $380 million
- Open on August 15, 1914
The Roosevelt Corollary
- It was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine (a warning to Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere)
- Said that the US would be the police officer between Latin America and Europe
- The US would use the force to protect interests in Latin America
Roosevelt thought that everyone would respect us and leave us alone if we had a powerful military****BIG STICK DIPLOMACY*** "Speak Softly and Carry a big stick"
**The Great White Fleet**- TR sent them around the world to show off and scare other countries that we are powerful and strong (didn't want to bombard countries)
Thursday- Thanksgiving
Friday- Thanksgiving Break
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