November 2-6

Monday - Presentation 9.1 went.

The Origins of Progressiveness

Four Goals
- Protecting Social Welfare
  - Social Gospel
    - People should help poor
  - Settlement House
    - Apartments for homeless
    - Free meals
  - Help poor
    - Used community centers
    - churches
    - social services
  - YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association)
  - Florence Kelley
    - Advocate for women and children's lives
- Promoting Moral Improvement
  - People felt morality held the key of improving lives of people
  - Prohibition - banning alcoholic beverages
  - WCTU (Woman's Christian Temperance Union)
- Creating Economic Reform
  - Moral reforms sought to change individual behavior
  - Factory workers embraced socialism
  - Large businesses received special treatment from government
  - Muckrakers - people wrote about the corrupt side of business
  - Called muckrakers because they racked the scum of society
- Fostering Efficiency
  - Progessive leaders put faith in experts and scientific principles to make society efficient
  - It was long days and low pay
  - In 1914, Ford company, $5/day for 8 hrs
  - Made economy boom
1890-1920 time period
Reform Government
- Regulate businesses
  - Railroads
  - Mines
  - Mills
  - Phone Companies
  - Etc.
Reform Mayers
- Fairer tax structure
- lowered fares on public transportation
- Community buildings
  - Schools
  - Parks
  - Libraries
Protecting Working Chidlren
- Unskilled jobs, didn't get training
- Poverty, parents sent kids to get money
- Stunted growth
- Child Labor Committee 1904
  - Investigated bad working conditions
Effort to Limit Working Hours
- Oregon Law
  - Women work 8 hrs, men work 10 hrs
  - Compensation for injuries or death
Reforming Elections
- Initiative bill, force government to talk about issues
- Secret ballot
- Referendum gave citizens the power to create laws
Direct Election of Senators
- Seventeenth amendment
- Each legislator elected two senators
- Voters elected senators
- Direct election

Tuesday - Mr. Bruns was gone so we watched a movie.

Wednesday - Mr. Bruns presented his powerpoint.

Chapter 9-1

Protecting Social Welfare
- Set up settlement houses
  - Homeless shelter
  - Offered job training
  - Hot meals
- Education Classes
- Libraries
- Soup kitchens
- Swimming pools
  - entertainment
  - no air conditioning
- Slum brigades
  - teach immigrants
    - writing
    - reading
    - speaking English
- YMCA
  - get young people off streets
  - give education
  - Christian based
- Salvation Army
Promoting Moral Improvement
- Prohibition
  - Stop drinking
    - men would beat children & wives
    - Cheat on wives
    - Go to work drunk/hungover
- Women's suffrage
  - Women's voting
- Woman's Christian Temperance Union
  - Spearheaded the crusade of prohibition
  - Entered saloons and protested
  - Sang and prayed in saloons
  - Broke alcohol bottles
Creating Economic Reform
- There was major unbalance in income and how people lived
- Turned to "socialism"
- Regulated railroads/monopolies
- Sherman Act - regulated business/trust
- Child labor laws
  - kids should go to school
- Working hours reduced
- Workmen's compensation
- Capitalism
  - Economic system
  - Means of production are privatley owned
  - People own and control business'
  - Chance to go from poor to rich
  - Laissez-Faire = government keeps hands off
- Socialism
  - Social or Economic system
  - Property and distribution of wealth are determined by the Government
  - Government owns and controls business'
  - Elimination of private property, everyone is equal
  - Karl Marks
    - Leading figure
    - Father of Communist
- Muckrakers
  - Bring reform
  - Investigative journalists
  - Exposed the problems of society
  - Upton Sinclair - The Jungle
    - meatpacking
    - meat on floor
      - people spit on floor
      - rats on floor
      - rat poop everywhere
      - sawdust on floor
    - packed it all up and sold it too us
  - Ida Tarbell - Exposed the ruthless methods of the Standard Oil Company
  - Lincoln Steffens - Exposed corruption in government
Fostering Efficiency
- Scientific management to increase efficiency was used in factories
- Frederick Taylor - Time Management studies
- Assembly line
- Henry Ford paid workers $5 a day
  - A lot back then
  - Happy workers
    - Work harder
    - Won't quit as often
    - Less complaints
- Progressives worked for better efficiency in all levels of government
- Limitting hours
  - Used to be 10 hrs
- Workers compensation for injuries or deaths
Reforming Elections
- Secret Ballot - no one knows who you voted for
- Direct Primary - the process of selecting one candidate for the Republican and Democrat party
- Initiative - a bill originated by the people rather than lawmakers
- Referendum - when voters accept or reject the initiative (bill)
- Recall - enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions

Thursday - We continued Mr. Bruns' presentation. Notes will be continued above. The next presentation went.

Chapter 9-2

Susette Lafleshe
- Testified for Indians citizenship rights
- Territory rights
Farm women
- Devote time to homes and families
- 19th Century middle class & upper class women could afford to stay home
- Cooked
- Made clothes
- Laundry
- Raise livestock
- Plow and plant in the fields
- Harvest crops
Women in Industry
- Better paying opportunities became available
- 1 out of 5 american women held jobs
- 25% manufacturing
- Garment trade (another job opportunity)
- Women high school graduated outnumbered men
Domestic Workers
- Cleaning for families
- Poverty drove them to work
- Worked on farms
- Cooks
- Laundresses
- Scrub-women
- Maids
- 70% employed as servants in 1870
Women in Higher Education
- Women publicly attend college near the late 18th century
- Latter 1800's women didn't depend on having a husband
- Marriage wasn't there only option
- Became more independent
Women and Reform
- Laborers started to reform workplace
  - Healthy
  - Saftey
- Pushed for better
  - Education
  - Food & drug laws
- Suffrage = women right to vote
A Three-Part Strategy for Suffrage
- First
  - Tried convincing state legislature to grant women the right to vote
- Second
  - Women pursued court cases to test the 14th Amendment...aren't women citizens too?
- Third
  - Women pushed for a national constitutional amendment to grant women the voting right

Mr. Bruns' Presentation

Chapter 9-2

Women's Role in Progressive Era
- More women got education
- Pink Collar Jobs
  - Teachers
  - Maids
  - Phone operator
  - Laundresses
  - Secretary
  - Nurses
- Push for the passing of 18th & 19th Amendments to the US Constitution
  - Prohibition
  - Women's Suffrage
Leading Women
- Susan B. Anthony
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
  - National American Woman suffrage Association was led by them
- Women suffrage started in 1920

Friday- Mr. Bruns was gone so we finished the series we have been watching.

Blogs

November 2-6

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