Monday-I was gone.
Tuesday-US first goal was to stay out of the war. When we did decide to enter, we wanted to shock and awe.
- Causes of WWI :
Assassination of archduke : Franz Ferdinand killed by a serbian nationalist
The black hand organization : wanted to expand serbia
Alliances before the war:
the war started when Austria-Hungary declared war to Serbia. Russia got involved to defend serbia. Germany declared war to Russia. France was drawn against Germany and A-H. Germany attacked belgium bringing britain and japan to war.
(chain reaction)
Imperialism: one of the causes of war.
colonies over the world: competition and rivalry
imperialistic war
Why did us get involved: germany violated its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare. us ships were being sunk in europe (there were us citizens on these ships)
Zimmerman telegram : german foreign minister asked mexico to join the war
central power: turkey, germany, russia , bulgaria, austria hungary
ally power: france, britain, belgium
economic competition, nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliances
Strategy:
US: cut off scores of German troops and severing critical supply units
GB:reinforced with 55 divisions, artillery, machine guns, rifle, infantry units, bayonet grenade used to clear out trenches, British Expeditionary Force, German leader: Kaiser Wilhelm, combined armies with the French, battalion formed 10 waves, each with a specific job
France: wanted to reach the English channel to outflank the Germans(Battle of Aras), creeping barrage tactic, mustard gas(caused severe burns, internal and external hemorrhaging, blindness, blisters and attacked bronchial tubes) and phosgene gas,
Germany: Schlieffen plan-surprise attack designed to outflank the French armies and capture Paris, went through Belgium to do so. Didn't want France to see them coming, so they didn't go through the border
Russia: Plan G-assumed that Germany would launch a full-scale attack against Russia, Plan 19-four armies would immediately invaded Eastern Prussia (East Germany),
Japan: gov received an official request from Britain for assistance in destroying German raiders in and around Chinese waters, forces occupied German territories in the Far East, navy seized German colonies in the Pacific, Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands
Wednesday: My group presented
Thursday: Battles of World War One
Battles of Isonzo
-Italy was neutral until Allied powers pushed them out of neutrality
Austria-Hungary vs Italy
12 battles, 1-2 months each
200,000 Austro-Hungarians, 300,000 Italians
Battle of Marne
French commander Joffre counterattacked the German army and split it in two before they retreated
“Race to the Sea”
Germans retreated, French followed along the Marne river
Battle of Ypres (3 battles)
near the Marne river, which leads to the English channel
second battle in 1915, only major German attack that year
Germans launched over 150 tons of lethal chlorine gas against French
third battle known as Passchendaele
attempt to remove the Germans from high ground
Battle of Verdun
German general led the army to attack the colonial French city, Verdun
no clear winner
French army wanted to protect Verdun important to France
Could be a regrouping point for German armies
Battle of Amiens
not a specific group of battles-2nd battle of Marne
Allies (America) broke through German front lines
caused German moral to fall
Germans asked for an Armistice
German Spring Offensive
compilation of multiple German attacks on the western front
Germans needed to attack and achieve victory before America got involved
4 German Offenses: Michael, Georgette, Gneisenau, and Blucher-Yorck
Michael main attack-brunt of allied attack, supposed to break through allied lines and overtake Britain holding the Somme river.
Free feign to attack France
plan failed, British held their grounds
offensives supplies and reinforcements couldn’t keep up with the rate of German’s advancements
German lines became thinly spread and easily taken down
Hundred Days Offensive
led to the end of the war
Friday:
Women-women’s club movement, settlement house movement-provided social services and education for poor workers, women suffrage movement, sold war bonds, conserved foods, women’s committee of the Council of National Defense-coordinate women’s war efforts, Navy and Marines, Nurses
Men-fought in the war
Children-sold newspapers, worked in factories, helped with victory garden
Homefront
produced soldiers with supplies, bought war bonds, liberty bond-sold to support allied cause
War Industry Board:
started by Wilson, controlled industrial establishment of country 3 year, coordinate purchase of war supplies, encouraged companies to use mass production, eliminate waste by standardizing products, encouraged to make weapons using mass production
Committee on Public Info:
propaganda organization, change people’s opinions on war
Food Administration:
led by Hoover, responsible for allie’s food reserve, America produced the most food, monitor food (conservation of food-meatless days, wheatless days)
Opinion of Wars-generally supported
Franklin Roosevelt-Assistant Secretary of the Navy, later president, inspected US Navy Facilities in Europe, Navy had 300 warships and 30 submarines, establish submarine base in CN
Joseph Stalin-nothing to do with WWI, leader of Russia in WW2, was going to be a priest but left the seminary when he became influenced by the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx, led Marxist Revolution strikes, became dictator of the Soviet Union after war
National Labor Board
Fight or Work, don’t go on strike, needed the supplies
We payed for the war in war bonds and taxes.
Propaganda:
song Over There propaganda song
WWI Test Topics: Causes of WWI, Chain of Events, Alliances/Goals, Weapons/Strategies (Trench Warfare, Van Schlieffen Plan, US Neutrality), Battles, US got involved, Homefront/Propaganda
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