Causes in WWI assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand war heir to Austria Hungary killed by Serbian nationalist wanted the Serbians to come back.
Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia Russia got involved to defend Serbia Germany declared war on Russia France were down in against Germany and Austria Hungary
Imperialism Europe had colonies all over the world which led to more competition and rivalry between countries. what was the reason from winning land from the loser.
Germany had unrestricted submarine warfare US ships were being sunken US civilians were on board on those ships Zimmerman Telegram Germany trying to get Mexico to help them attack us. sinking ships without warning broke international law
Militarism countries building up there military-
great Britain France Russia
Great Britain and Germany were both stopping US ships eventually US drew closer to war and allies German sinking of British ships and killing of US citizens
WWI alliances- Allied powers Triple entente - great Britain France and Russia- Portugal Japan Italy japan Central powers triple quadruple alliance- Germany Austria Hungary the ottoman empire and Bulgaria
Vienna had Germanys full support
Austria Hungary required Germanys help to back up its words with force goals septemberprogramm bethamann hallweg - annexation of territory in France- German economic and political domination of central Europe- create a German empire
Russia allied power began moving towards mobilization of its army - Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia - on august Germany declared war on Russia Goals- eliminate Germany as a competitor- gain control of the bosphorus -
France- Russia entered into an alliance with France and great Britain- angry over German annexation of their lands in the aftermath of the Franco- Prussian war in 1870-71 - the German army launched its attack on France passing through Belgium Goals- recapture Alsace-Lorraine - weaken German industrial power become the dominate continental power.
Van schlieffen plan- Germany attack France through Belgium and it was suppose to last 6 weeks France would surrender so they could focus on Russia
Great Britain- they needed to protect Belgium and were bound by treaties to help- goals- protect Belgium and France they were bound by treaties to help protect France and Belgium- abate the German threat they felt threatened by Germany- maintain superpower status as number one nation Britain's position as the biggest superpower was in the balance of the war.
United states- Goals Wilsons 14 points an end to all economic barriers between countries- countries to reduce weapon numbers the German army is to be removed from Russia should be left to develop her own political set up Reasons why Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare US business interests- Zimmerman Note- American and British propaganda
Japan- they saw the war as an opportunity to seize Germanys pacific colonies and gain control over its Chinese concessions they were not treaty bound to fight but they readily joined the war to gain land
War Bonds- war bonds also known as liberty bonds are debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war the bonds also remove money from circulation and thus also help to control inflation war bonds were a loan to the government to help finance the war.
Battles- Battles of Isonzo- preface-
Battle of marne- The French commander doffre stopped the germans from wining the war by using a counterattack that split the german army in two and forced a retreat around 500 soldiers lost their lives in the first battle as the germans retreated they followed along the marne river
Race to the sea-
Battle of Ypres- first battle of ypres began on October near the Belgian city of ypres- Ypres was near the marne river wich led into the English channel- the second battle began on april 22nd 1915 and was the only major german attack that year. the germans launched over 150 tons of lethal chlorine gas against two French colonial divisions. 3 battle was fought during july 1917 this battle was known as Passchendaele and it was an attempt to remove the germans from the high ground around ypres.
Battle of Verdun- battle began on febuary 21 1916 general falkenheyn of the german army led the germans to attack Verdun. Verdun was a historic fortess town that the French army felt they needed to protect battle ended with no clear winner 500,000 French casualties and 450,000 german
Battle of Amiens- amiens was not a specific group of battles but another name for the 2nd battle of the marne- the major point of amiens was the allies breaking through the german fron lines this caused german moral to fall eventually the germans asked for an armistice on November 11th 1918
The german spring offensive- was a compilation of multiple german attacks in the western front. Germany realized that they needed to attack and achieve victory over before amrica could deploy its overwhelming amount of human and material resources. 4 main german offensive- Michael, Georgette
Michael was/ led the main attack
German offensive continued- overall the plan failed the british held there ground and there as much confusion amongst the ranks as the axis offensive had hoped and planned for it the offensives supplies and reinforcements couldn't keep up
Culture effect- women- womens club movement just a club to better women- settlement house movement- provide social services and education to poor workers.
The women sufferage movement- Sold war bonds- Conserved food- Navy marines and nurses
Men mostly fought in the war or if not they helped at home with the women- children sold newspaper worked in factories and helped with the victory gardens to plant your own food to feed yourself.
Tariffs and taxes on the war they raised to pay off the war it potentially led to the great depression people couldn't buy as much as they used to do to high costs. gas and oil uses went way down because the cost was to much for it nobody had much money led to the great depression.
War on the home front- family back home produced soldiers with supplies agencies controlled the war buying war bonds or stamps the home front is just everything our people did back home to help the war. Liberty Bonds bond that was sold in the US to support the allied cause. You give money for the war and then they'll eventually pay you back with interest.
War industry Board- Woodrow Wilson started it bernard baruch chairman controlled industrial establishment of country 3 years coordinate purchase of war supplies encouraged companies to use mass production/making new things.
Committee on public info- influenced the views on the war- changing peoples opinion to get involved Food administration- Herbert hoover leader- responsible for allies food reserves hoover kept everyone well fed America produced the most food Monitor food, food was a weapon in the war.
Franklin Roosevelt- 32 president traveled in Europe inspecting US navy facilities ensured that the navy could play a vital war in WWI he was assistant secretary of the navy. National labor board- dealt with condition of working
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