Artwork and Architecture
- Calligraphy- means “beauty” and it’s a type of visual art related to writing
- Arabesque- a form of artistic decoration consisting of surface decorations based on rhythmic linear patterns of scrolling and geometric figures
- Math Use- Most important contribution is the finding of algebra, Muhammad is the father of algebra, they improved Roman numerals, Muslims skill in mathematics led to advancements in many other fields like astronomy cartography engineering commerce and art.
- Famous building- Dome of the Rock located in Jerusalem
- Dome of the Rock- the rock in the center of the dome is believed by Muslims to be where Muhammad ascended to the heavens
- Famous Building- Al-Masjid al-Haram: famous Islamic shrine, capable of holding 1,000s of Muslims that perform hajj which is one of the largest pilgrimages in the world, never empty of visitors, makes Muslims feel greatness and the majesty of God. Located in the middle of the city of Mecca and is surrounded by several hills. Known for a place of worship and establishment of harmony
Trade
- Trading route under the Abbasids; helped spread religion, Islamic culture, and technology
- Went through and around India and China
- Banking systems: complex with checks that could be cashed in another country, for their currency they often used fine fabrics made of cotton, wool, linen, and silk.
- Sakk- a form of check that traders in the Middle East used to pay for items; could be cashed in another country; was their major currency; was made to transfer money more securely.
- Traded: silk, silver, gold, slaves, ink, marble sugar, donkeys, leopards, molasses, paper, elephants, armor, cinnamon
Mongol Invasion
- Invaded Asia, conquered areas that included China, Russia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe
- Cities that resisted were subject to destruction, over 3 years the Mongols destroyed all of the major cities in Eastern Europe except two, and they conquered all of China during the invasion of China
- Mongol soldiers were men ages 14-60 and were organized into groups based on decimal system; transfers between units were forbidden, and leaders had the license to execute orders that they considered best
- Military: promotions were granted by ability, each soldier maintained 3 or 4 horses, 6 of 10 soldiers were cavalry horse archers and the other 4 were more heavily armored and armed lancers
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