November 24th-26th

Monday we finished up our projects.

Tuesday-gone

Wednesday- did our projects

How WW1 started?

Started July 28,- November 11, 1918 (Spark- Assassination) (Underlying Causes)

Militarism-build up military to settle disputes. Imperialism- bigger countries taking over smaller. Nationalism-being proud of your country. Economic - Competition- System of Alliances-

The war involved 32 countries
Allies included Britain, France, Russia, Italy and US.
Fought against Central Powers which included Germany.

Main Cause- Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Also political, territorial, and economic conflicts among European Powers.

Black Hand- Secret Military Society Serbian Army. Assassinations trying to kill leaders. Wanted to unite all territories.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand-

The assassination is also known as the July Crisis of 1914. His wife was also assassinated. Gavril Principal-ethnic Serb and Yugoslav nationalist from group Young Bosnia.
A group of 6 people killed him trying to break off Austria Hungary. He was an Archduke and a Prince.

Countries Involved-

France
British Empire
Russia
Italy- Betrayed Alliance
United States
Japan
Serbia

Belligerent Main Powers-

Germany
Austria Hungary
Ottoman Empire/Turkey
Bulgaria

Alliances and Chain of Events-

Russia and Serbia
Germany and Austria Hungary
France and Russia
France and Britain and Belgium
Japan and Britain
US and Italy would join later

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Traveled to Sarajevo, Bosnia.
Bosnia and Herzegovina troops.

Weapons and Strategies-

Rifles- Bult action rifle was most common used. Could fire 1400m. Also the Springfield. Winchester. Remington.

Flame Throwers- Date as far as back as the 5th century B.C. The Germans tested 2 models. The Kleinflammenwerfer- Designed for portable used and carried by a single solider.

Machine Guns- Accounted for most of the deaths in the Western Front. Vickers Gun. Madsen Gun.

Tanks Used- First brought into the battle of Flers-Courcelette. The evolution of tanks was remarkable. They could not exceed 4mph.

Poison Gas- The introduction of gas was used to end prolonged trench war. French was first to use it. Accounted for 4% of deaths. Chloride, Mustard, Tear Gas. Gas was a weapon used as to scary people.

Trench Warfare- Trenches were often dug by hand. Were mainly a type of hindrance for an attacker for a forfeit location. Infrequent since the end of WW1.

Air Forces- First used to count enemy locations.

Naval Operations- Transporting millions of American solider and supplies across the Atlantic to France. United States manufactured 100,000 naval mines. U-Boats could travel 2 hours underwater. They could hold around 35 men, 12 torpedoes and were 214 feet long.

Major Battles-

Battle of Passchendaele. (848,614 casualties) 1917
Battle of Verdun. (976,000 casualties.) 1916
Battle of Passchendaele. November 1917, third battle of Ypres. Beat back the Germans. Lots of mud. Allies lost 448,614. Germans lost 400,000.
Battle of Verdun. September 1918. 976,00 casualties. Germans took advantage of the planning of the battle of Somme. Capture the town was the goal. Kill as much as they could was a lot easier. 40 million artillery shells were shot.
Battle of the Somme. July to November 1916. 1,218,201 causalities. British bombarded German troops with artillery shells for several days. Allies lost 623,906. Forced Germans to retreat 40 miles.
Spring Offensive. Began on March 21st. 1,539,715 casualties. Germans suffered from ports being blocked. Lost so many troops they recruited old and young men. Major push against Somme to distract the Americans. Germans gained many miles of ground.
Devil Dogs. Forced of marines and infantry engaged German troops. Battle of Belleau Wood. Stopped a German advance thus ending the spring offensive. Consisted of tanks, artillery, infantry etc.
Hundred Days Offensive. July to November. 1,855,369 casualties. Failed Spring Offensive left Germans weak. Germans lost all battles at this time.

How US got involved in WW1

Germany sub attacks on passenger merhcnat shops in 1917. Sinking of unarmed French boat named "Sussex" Germany accepted terms and conditions. Germany broke Sussex treaty. Sub Warfare to defeat Great Britain in 5 months. Considered US not neutral anymore. US and Mexico already in conflict. Germany tries to turn Mexico on America. Mexico declines. America is at war.

Bolshevik Revolution

Or also known as red October, great October socialist revolution
Was the seizure of state power in the lagers Russian rev
It’s when the communist in Russia started a rev to try and start to over throw the Russian leader
Bolshevik means one of the majority
And basically means that they were going to join as one to over throw and run it
Were a faction in a crucial voice,
Faction ultimately became the communist party of the soviet Russia
They rose to power in Russia during the October rev
Founders were valdimir lenin and alexander bogdanov founded in 1905
Russia got involved in the war because of Serbia
Serbia was an ally of Russia
Austria declared war on Serbian and Russia
Problems- Russia was in the hands of the communists led by Lenin
Whites wanted to get rid of the reds (com)
Russia had to give land to the central powers in order for them to sign the treaty
When Germany surrendered, Russia reclaimed the land that they lost
Land included Poland , Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania,
Russia were not completely focused in Germany because of the civil war
Communist coming to power

The Armistice/Wilsons

Wilsons 14 points- Speech was given on January 8th, 1918 by Woodrow Wilson. Declaring that WW1 was being fought for a moral cause and calling for postwar peace in Europe.

Points- 1.) No more secret agreements. 2.) Free navigations of all seas. 3.) An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4.) Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5.) All decisions regarding the colonies should be treated equally. 6.) German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left to develop own political set-up. 7.) Belgium should be independent before the war. 7.) France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine. 8.) All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. 9.) Italy's borders are to be "along clearly recognizable lines of nationality. 10.) Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-Hungary. 11.) Self determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan states. 12.) The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13.) An independent Poland should be created which should have access the sea. 14.) A league of nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independence of all states.

The armistice- The Armistice was an agreement signed by representatives of France, Great Britain and Germany. Germany had a huge impact. Give up many guns.

Pair Peace Conference- It was an international meeting that took place in January 1919 at Versailles just outside of Paris. The purpose of the meeting was to establish the terms of peace after the war. The Pairs Peace Conference had 27 nations join and had 5 major treaties. More than other treaties, not just this one. Treaty of Versailles- It was a peace treaty directed towards Germany. It was named Treaty of Versailles because it was signed at the Versailles because it was signed at the Versailles Palace near Paris. What did the Treaty do? 1.) Made Germany accept Blame for starting the war. 2.) Germany had to pay millions called reparations for the damage done. 3.) Germany could only have 100,000 men in their army and six battleships for their Navy and no air force. Germany lost territory in Europe. Germanys colonies were given to Britain and France. League of Nations- pay a bunch of money, lost land, army's were small. World Wide League of Nations.

Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Yugoslavia new countries.

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November 24th-26th

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