11/19& 11/20- started Rome notes
- Milliarium Aureum
- translates to "Golden Milestone"
- was a marble or gilded bronze statue erected by Caesar Augustus in 20 BCE
- all roads were thought to have started here and all distances were measured in relation to it
- The First Romans 1000 BC-500 BC
- Latins
- built the orginal settlement at Rome on Palatine Hill
- this is where Romulus and Remus were found by the she-wolf
- The Greeks 750-600 BC
- established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
- brought greek ideas to Italy
- The Etruscans
- came from northern Italy
- skilled metal workers and engineers
- had a writing system with an alphabet that the Romans adopted
- greatly influenced Roman architecture
- introduced the arch
- outside of Greece, on of the most advanced civilizations in Europe during this time
- not much is known about them since there are no Etruscan history documents or literature
- Latins
- What is a Republic?
- A government run by the people through elected representatives
- The Early Republic 600-509 BC
- The Etruscans were the group that helped Rome grow into a large city
- under the Etruscans, Rome was ruled by a king until 509 BC
- King Tarquin the Proud was a tyrant and was overthrown by Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic
- The Roman Republic 509-27 BC
- set up after King Tarquin was overthrown in 509 BC
- Set up a Republic
- a form of government in which power rests with the citizens who have a right to vote for their leaders
- Citizens were free-born males only
- SPQR- Senatus Populuseque Romanus
- "The Senate and People of Rome"
- Who were Roman Citizens?
- the Roman concept of the citizen evolved over time
- all males over 15 who were descended from the original tribes of Rome became citizens
- citizens of Rome distinguished themselves from slaves and other noncitizens by wearing a toga
- the full citizen could vote, marrry freeborn persons, and buy and sell things(commerce)
- some citizens were not allowed to vote or hold public office, but maintained the other rights
- some citizens could vote and practice commerce, but could not hold office or marry freeborn women
- in the late Republic, male slaves who were granted thier freedom could become full citizens
- Patricians
- the upper class- wealthy landowners
- very small group- 5% of teh citizen population
- controlled the most valuable land, held the key military and religious offices
- Plebeians
- the lower class- peasants, laborers, artisans, shopkeepers
- very large group- 95% of the citizen population
- very few privileges and say but could vote(men)
- Paid most of the taxes and served in the army
- Rome's leaders eventually allowed plebians to form their own assembly and elect representatives called tribunes
- Why whould they do this?
- Plebians would refuse to work and be in the military
- These tribunes worked to protect the rights of plebeians
- Why whould they do this?
11/21-1123-- no school
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