Math and Science
Al-Khwariami-born before 780 in Baghdad, Iraq and died before 850. He was a matematician and astronomer who invented the Hindu-arabic numerals and the concepts of algebra. he lived in baghdad under the calliphate of Al-Ma mun
Ibn Al-Haytham-first scientist and father of the optics
- Was born in Basra, iraq in 965
- made great contributions to science
- named the physicist in medieval europe
- most famous workd was Kitab -Al manazir (book of optics)
- Seven volume book on the experiments that ibn performed on the theories of optics
Astronomy
- They found a huge amount of stars
- Aldebaran (star)
- altair (Star)
- muslims pray before day braeak and before dawn predict planetary positions and eclipses
Al-jabbr
- Means algebra
- refers to the process of moning a subtracted quantity to the other side of an equation
- if you looked at al-jabr's book it would look nothing like the algebra we do today, it is written in prose
Optics
- Kitb al-manazir was writen by Alhazen
- Invention of the camera
- alhazen created sustme for adding the first natural 100 numbers
- introduced motion and transformation into geometry
- his work greatly influenced many
Trade
Partners
- India
- china
- arabia
- northwest africa
- egypt
- black sea
- southwest persia
Reasons
- Some of the money from trade went into building irrigation systems and new canals that helped farmers get more out of their land
- the money also helped farmers if they had a bad year
Bank System
- Start was when Muhammad acted as an agent for his wife for her trading operations
- Islamic partnerships did not use interest on day to day transactions
- these partnerships performed an important economic function
- combined the three most important things to maximize production: capital, labor, and entrepreneurship
Currency
- The dinar was and is the main form of currency
- exactly 1163 dinar currently go into an american dollar
- to be able to do anything significant as far as a purchase, youd probably need 5000 dinar to buy a loaf of bread in us
- investing in dinar is like buying stock, its value wavers everyday
- Sakks
- financial certificates, kind of like bonds
- issuer of a sukuk is basically selling a share of an asset to an investor group
- the recipient then rents it back to the issuer for a predetermined fee
- interest cannot be charged during the process
- there has been an increased use of these in recent years
Religion
Main things they do
- pray 5 times a day
- believe they know everything about religion and their religion is the only one that is right
- believe allah will give them 72 virgins
- they cause a lot of violent problems yet belive their religion is one of peace
Beliefs
- believe that there is only one god
- read many books of god, especially the Qur'an
- prophets of god, especially muhammad
- the day of judgement
- the supremecy of god's will
- Quran
- Means he read
- believe that the Quran is different from all other books in ways that are impossible for any other book to be, such that similar texts cannot be written by humans
- scholars of islam believe that its petic form is unique and of a fashion, they also claim it contains accurate prophecy and that no other book does
history 10th
- religion has greatly impascctiond the political, economic and military history of the Old World, especially the middle east, where lies its roots
- believe that this revelation to humanity was writtendown itn the Quran which is the flawless word of god
History 11th
- par of Abbasid era
- christianity was 11% in the middle east
- many crusaders and mongols tried to spread their religions and they destroyed trade routes in the process. This caused an economic collapse and a rise in banditry and piracy
12th
- part of the Abbasid era
- christianity in the 12th centruy was marked by a continuation of the crusades, mainly with the second crusade in the holy land
13
- helped create cross-cultural religion (combining religions)
- got freedom of speech (Say anything and no one could do anything about it)
Mongol invasion
- major invasions occurered in the 13th century
- Main leader--Genghis Khan
- had two strategies
- used conquered soldiers or peasants as the front line
- used archery-geneerally on horses
- Favorite weapon--long bow-wood and bone
- used conquered soldiers or peasants as the front line
- had two strategies
- Conquered most of the asian continent
- genghis khan passed the leadership on to his sons
- genghis khan was not tolerant of the islam religion
- islam started to die down for a while
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