Wednesday: notes
by 46 BC, Pompey was dead and his troops defeated
Caesar returned to Rome with support from the people and military and became dictator-46 BC
In 44 BC Caesar was named dictator
Julian vs Gregorian Calendar
The Julian calendar was the calendar from 46 BC to 1582 when the Gregorian Calendar took its place
The gregorian cal was introduced and named after pope Gregory xiii in 1582 and is still used today
the difference in the average length of the year between Julian(365.25 days) and Gregorian (365.2425 days) is 0.002%
Thursday: notes
Civil war broke out after Caesars death
the roman republic was now completely gone at this point
Octavian , Marc Antony, and Lepidus ruled Rome for 10 years
fell apart eventually due to jealousy and violence, Octavian forced Lepidus to retire. Octavian defeated Antony/Cleopatra in naval battle of Actium in 31 BC
Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide afterwards in 30 BC
Octavian took the title Augustus which means exalted one
He ushered in the Pax Romana which means Roman Peace, Rome was at it's peak
stabilized the frontier, glorified Rome , created a system of government that survived for centuries
Discipline. strength, and loyalty were stressed in Rome
people had gravitas that had these characteristics
90% of people were farmers, rich lived by conspicuous consumption
most people lived in poverty
slavery was significant part of Roman life
Friday - notes
gov't put onto appease the poor
provided free of charge during holidays (150/year by 250 AD)
fought in the Colosseum in Rome
Animal vs Animal, man vs animal, man vs man
roman gods were very impersonal and practiced with very little emotion
Rome took over the Jewish land of Israel around 63 BC
Christianity taught people could have a personal relationship with god which attracted many people
Christianity broke off from Judaism and was based in the life and teachings of Jesus as well as his death and resurrection
as Jesus traveled around preaching many people starting following him
especially attracted the poor based on his teachings
Rome persecuted Christians as they did not worship the Roman gods
Roman Emperor Constantine named Christianity one of the Roman Empires religions in 313 Ad after winning battle where he believed the Christian God intervened
In 380 AD, Roman Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the empire's official religion
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