Liturature (My Groups)
Muslim Empire Literature
By: Julie, Marea, Cari, Rhiana, and Taylor
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
•West and South Asian stories and folktales
•Arabian Nights
•Tales: Ancient and Medieval times
oArabic, Persian, Egyptian, and Mesopotamian folklore
•Shows the growing of the urban Islamic culture through variety and complexity
•Begins with corruption and ends with redemption
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The Book Of One Thousand and One Nights Story
•About a Persian King and his new bride
•Discovers that his brother's wife is unfaithful
•Also discovers his own wife's secret is even more revealed
•He then executed her
•Now he thinks that all women are the same
•The king, Shahryar, begins to marry a lot of virgins then executes them the next morning before they can become dishonest
•The last woman that he was going to execute kept on telling him good stories and wouldn't finish the stories the night of her execution, so the king had to postpone her execution date
•lasted for 1,001 night
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Authors
•Hanan Al-Shaykh wrote The Book of One Thousand and One Nights.
•Shahnameh Ferdowsi was a poet.
•He was considered to be one of the greatest poets.
•He wrote The Shahnameh, a set of epic poems, long narrative poems.
•The poems were written in Persian.
Authors Continued
•Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya Al-Razi, also known as Al-Razi, wrote Kitab al-Mansuri fi al-tibb (The Book of Medicine for Mansur).
oHe was also philosopher during the 8th Century.
oHe was one of Muhammad's companions.
•Sahih Al-Bukhari wrote Hadiths.
oHadiths were collections of recorded words and actions of Muhammad.
oIncluded Muhammad's behavior, sayings, and teachings.
Genres
•Poetry
othey rhymed most of the time
ofor centuries it used traditional, rigid, and distinctive form in a highly stylized way
•Novels, short stories and dramas didn't show up in the Islamic world until the modern period
Genres continued
•Chief literary types:
oqasida, ghazel, qitah, masnavi, and the roba'i
•Head chief genre was the maqamah.
•The qasida was developed by pre-Islamic Arabh
ois an elaborately structured ode of 20 to 100 verses has a single end rhyme throughout the entire piece.
oopens with a short prelude, usually a love poem, to get reader's attention
•Ghazel
oa love lyrics from 5 to 12 verses
Genres continued
•Qitah
oliterary form used for the less serious matters of everyday life
•Masnavi
oit means "the doubled one," or rhyming couplet
•Roba'i
oform of quatrain (4 line verse) in which the first, second, and fourth lines rhyme.
•Maqamah
otells simple and entertaining stories in a complicated style.
Morals and Message
•Believed in worshipping their one God Allah
•Golden Rule of the Qur'an: Treat others how you want to be treated
•Muslims participate in Ramadan which is held the same month the Qur'an came out.
•Muslims are to obey Allah and the prophet Muhammads word.
•Their morals were to do good deeds for the community,nature, and other people
•They must perform religious rituals
Qur'an
Sources
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Artwork and Arquitecture
Calligraphy-a type of visual art related to writing
Arabesque-an ornamental design of intertwined flowing lines found in decorations
Artwork
- Muslims used artwork to reflect cultural values
- allah is the center of the muslims so they also did a lot of their artwork based on the idea of him
- they repeated a lot of things in art (geometric designs) which is called arabesque
Art and Religion
- they did art in floral and shape designs because they thought basing artwork off of people was a sin and was forbidden in the Qur'an
Architecture
- first buildings were built in the islamic empire were designed by greek architects
- because greeks were building islamic mosques and not christian churches, they were able to experiment with different designs
- through this they createdd a new islamic style
- in the late 700 ad the new arab rulers marked thier territory by building a great mosques such as the kairouan
- Kairouan--a mosque which would be like our churches
Geometry
- they used shapes to build
- sperical triginometry to create right triangles
- binomial theorem to help them build pyramids
Famous Buildings
- The sacred mosque is located in the city of Mecca. Its a place where mulims went to worship
- was also called Al-Masjid al-Haram
- a Quadridge surrounded by stone walls
Dome of rock
- Muslim temple in Jerusalem
- is in the centre of a greater muslim shrine known as the haram ash sharif (Noble Sancuary)
Calligraphy
- cursive styles were easier to write and read and soon replaced the earlier geometric style
- based an arabic script
- calligraphy is the most respected form of islamic art
- the arabic script was the means of transmission to the Quran
Math and Science
Al-Khwariami-born before 780 in Baghdad, Iraq and died before 850. He was a matematician and astronomer who invented the Hindu-arabic numerals and the concepts of algebra. he lived in baghdad under the calliphate of Al-Ma mun
Ibn Al-Haytham-first scientist and father of the optics
- Was born in Basra, iraq in 965
- made great contributions to science
- named the physicist in medieval europe
- most famous workd was Kitab -Al manazir (book of optics)
- Seven volume book on the experiments that ibn performed on the theories of optics
Astronomy
- They found a huge amount of stars
- Aldebaran (star)
- altair (Star)
- muslims pray before day braeak and before dawn predict planetary positions and eclipses
Al-jabbr
- Means algebra
- refers to the process of moning a subtracted quantity to the other side of an equation
- if you looked at al-jabr's book it would look nothing like the algebra we do today, it is written in prose
Optics
- Kitb al-manazir was writen by Alhazen
- Invention of the camera
- alhazen created sustme for adding the first natural 100 numbers
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