Began presentations over WWI
Trench Warfare
Development of the Machine Gun, causing "No Man's Land"
Tank ends trench warfare
Central Powers-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey
Allied Powers-Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, U.S.
Began with Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia after the assassination of Ferdnand
Germany declares war on France and Russia in support of A-H, Britain joins later
Japan declares war on Germany in 1914
U.S declares was in 1917.
Lusitania painted dark so it didn't stand out when under attack. Germany declared Unrestricted Warfare on Britain, sinking any boat, Civilian, Military, or Supply ship. Germany thought that the sinking of the Lusitania to be logical because they though it was carrying war contraband
Wilson wanted to stay neutral.
Succeed for a bit, eventually took us to war.
His slogan was "I kept us out of war"
Propaganda used to be lengthy, but wouldn't get anyones attention.
Shortened propaganda and it gained much more attention
In the eyes of propaganda, the enemy is bad
Weapons=Bolt Action Rifles which were about 15 RPM. Machine Guns first came to fruition, fire power of 100 guns. Needed 4-6 people to operate
Zepplins. Big war blimps that were for bombing raids
Tanks first came around, first tanks required 3 men and moved at 3 MPH
Planes began war flight. Spywork, little bombing, and dogfighting. Armed with MGs and Cannons
Torpedos used by submarines
Hand grenades and rifle grenades used
Gas paralyzed and was used to demoralize, injure, and kill
Tear Gas blinded people
Mustard gas effected skin, left blistering burns, and remained in soil for days after use
Phosgene was a skin irritant doing similar to mustard gas
Chlorine caused asphyxiation
Christmas Treaty. 24 hour truce to celebrate Christmas. No shots fired
Italian army halved in the Battle of Caporetto
Battle of Cantigny: First major American offensive. American victory
Rations were put in place due to U-Boats
Women and Blacks worked in factories to replace those fighting in the war
DORA prevented war from being talked about. Even binoculars were banned. Know Your Place, Shut Your Face
Victory Gardens made people self-sufficent
Sedition Act made it illegal to talk badly about U.S Government. Repealed in 1920
Wilson's 14 Points
1) Reliance on open democracy instead of secret agreements.
2) Freedom of the seas
3) Free trade between countries
4) Reduce military forces/weapons
5) Adjust colonies fairly
6) Russia self-determines own government
7) Belgium stays independent
8) Restoration of French Territory
9) Italy receives territory based upon ethnicity
10) Austria-Hungary receives fair development opportunities
11) Independence for the Balken states
12) Self-determination for the people of the Ottoman Empire and free passage through the Dardanelles
13) Independence for Poland
14) The formation of the League of Nation to guarantee independence for all countries, big and small
Reactions
The only public statement of war aims
Influenced to the Armistice
Nobel Peace Prize in 1920
Many countries though badly of the points because
Not enough punishment
Skeptical on League of Nations
German military limitations placed
Concerns of Peace
Damage to conquered territories
Treaty of Versailles
Different agreement
Punished Germans and Angered Germans
Germany had to pay $33 billion. Lost vital industrial territory.
Germany was considered responsible for the start of teh war, therefore responsible for all teh war damaged caused by WWI. Therefore, they had to pay reparations, the bilk of which would go to France and Belgium to pay for the damage done.
League of Nations was 5 permanent members (U.S, G.B, Italy, France, Japan) and 4 rotated non-permanent members. Solve problems through arbitration. League didn't have International Army.
U.S refused to pass Treaty of Versailles, didn't join the League of Nations
WIlson got ill trying to convince public to join League of Nations
"A Return to Normalcy" Harding's political platform
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