notes 11/6

[3rd Adam Zac]

 

• Geography
  • Limited agriculture
  • Hot dry deserts
  • Peoples of the desert
    • Arib nomads , called beduins, were organized into clans
    • Created because they provided security and support for a life made difficult by the extreme conditinns in the desert
    • Bedouin ideals, courage loyalty to family and warrior skills
    • By 600 ad, many aribs setteled down, and chose oasis’s because desert life was too harsh
    • Larger towns near the western coast of Arabia beame market towns for local ,regional and long distance trading goods
    • Special city
      • Mecca
      • Holy city that they pray towards
      • Also common for them to visit mecca
      • Trading
        • After they moved into the larger cities, trading increased
        • Many routs because of the bodies of water that sorrunded the aerea
        • Traded
          • Spices
          • Incense
          • Perfume
          • Precious metals
          • Ivory
          • Silk
          • Monotheistic
          • Good called allah
          • Muhaad
            • Was their prophit
            • Raised by grandfather and uncle
            • Recived little schooling
            • Age of 40, muhamad became very interested in Religion
            • Islam means submission to the will of allah
            • Muslim means one who has submitted
            • New leader
              • Muhamad died in 632 the muslim community picked the new leader
              • Picked abu-bakar to become a CALIPH meanin new leader
              • Issues
                • Not everyone welcomed him
                • Some  tribes abanoed islam completely
                • Others wouldn’t pay taxes
                • Some individuals even declared themselves to be prophits
                • Attempts to resolve
                  • JIHAD was declated
                    • Inner struggle with evil
                    • Armed struggle with non belivers
                    • Expansion
                      • Muslim community began to expand under abubakr as wl
                      • The next three caliphers after abu bakr  expanded into the Sassanid and byxantine empires
                      • Reason for success
                        • They did well in conquest, because the other two empires had been fighting for years
                        • Well disciplined
                        • Great leaders
                        • Two empires wernt tolerant of the riligons in the conqured areas so the muslim in the empires would often help the invading muslims
                        • Treatment of conqured people
                          • Didn’t force conversion
                          • Muslims allowed others to practice, not spread
                          • Made other religeons pay taxes, becase they did not fight in the miletery