ARISTOTLE, PLATO, SOCRATES
- Aristotle
- Greek Philosopher whose name means the best purpose
- very important founding person in Western Philosophy
- Wrote about physics poetry, theater music, logic, politics, government, ethics, biology, etc.
- Born in 384 BC and died when he was 61 or 62.
- Aristotle was first trained in medicine
- At age 18, he went to Plato's Academy in Athens to continue his education
- Studied philosophy with Plato while there
- Stayed at the academy for 20 years before quitting
- Best Known for the scientific method
- was taught by Plato, and he taught Alexander the Great
- Major contribution was the overall study and teaching of such subjects
- Two areas which he advanced were physics and astronomy
- established a new school called Lyceum
- Plato
- Born in 428 BC
- Traced ancestry to direct line to early king of Athens, Codrus
- 2 brothers and 1 sister
- Outstanding in sports, music, academics
- Studied music and poetry at the gymnasium owned by Dionysios
- During war with Sparta, he won Athenian prize for bravery
- Student of Socrates at age 2-
- Adopted style to philosophy and debate
- Believed that justice is the most important virtue
- Developed foundations of metaphysics and epistemology by studying doctrines of Cratylus and works of Pythagoras and Parameids
- Thought most people were not as smart as him
- Plato's contributions philosophy, mathematics, and science
- Socrates
- Classical Greek Athenian philosopher
- One of the founders of Western Philosophy
- Known for his contribution to ethics
- Lived in Athens his entire life
- His father was Sophroniscus and his mother was Phaenarete, a midwife
- Attended School of Athens
- Military at age 18-hoplite soldier in Peloponessian War against Sparta
- Spent time in market and gymnasia where converse with with men of intellect
- People were charmed by his wit, humor, and kindly disposition.
- Endlessly questioned his students
- committed suicide
- Fought in Peloponnesian war
- Known for ethics, method of reasoning, linking knowledge with happiness rationalism.
- Believed that if man could reason anything could happend
- The government had to be smart and only rule is what they should be able to do.
ATHENIAN REASON
- Polytheism
- Many gods and goddesses
- although gods were immortal, they were not all powerful. Fate ruled over all
- Gods had humans traits and emotions and manipulated humans
- Believed in an underworld where spirits went, life after death
- They prayed in temples
- Sacrificed animals
- Strived to please the gods to gain favor
- Prayed to different gods depending on what they wanted
- Zeus
- King of the Gods
- God of the sky, weather, law, order and fate
- Fathered many gods/heroes
- symbols thunderbolt, eagle, bull, oak
- Poseidon
- Swallowed by Cronus at birth but was later saved
- God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
- married to amphitrite
- Father of Theseus
- Often changed into the shape of a steed
- Hades
- Oldest male child of Cronus and Rhea
- God of the Underworld and precious metal under earth
- Obtained his wife Persephone through trickery and abduction
- Has a helmet that makes him invisible
- Hera
- Queen of all Gods
- Protected women and marriage
- Amazon protector
- Married to and a sister of Zeus
- Athena
- Born out of Zeus's head
- Zeus's favorite
- Daughter of Zeus
- Goddess of Strategic war
- Goddess of wisdom and justice
- Goddess of the city and agriculture
- Apollo
- Son of Zeus
- Twin to Artemis
- God of music, light healing, and truth
- Drove the sun
- Never married but had children
- Artemis
- Daughter of Zeus and leto
- Virgin Goddess of the Hunt
- Twin to Apollo
- Could bring sudden death with one arrow
- Ares
- God of War, Battle-lust, Civil Order, and Manly Behavior
- Son of Zeus and Hera
- Had a long affair with Aphrodite during which he had 4 sons, and 1 daughter
- The planet Mars is named after his Roman equivalent
- Aphrodite
- Goddess of love, beauty, and fertility
- Also a protectress of sailors
- Born from the sea
- Most beautiful woman in the world
- Myths
- Zeus was the son of Cronos
- Cronos was destined to be overthrown by a son
- Zeus escaped and freed his siblings and imprisoned Cronos
- Zeus married Metis but his authority made him arrogant
- Killed Metis and Athena was born from his head
- Athena is Zeus' most trusted
- Athena was a great goddess who never lost her cool
- She protects cities and gives a just discipline
- Has a temple in Athens
- Medusa
- Medusa would flaunt her beauty for she was almost as beautiful as Athena
- Medusa made Athena angry and turned her beloved hair into serpents
- Medusa looked into a living thing's eyes it would turn into stone
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