Architecture of the Golden Age of the Athenians
The Acropolis was the main group of buildings in Athens that looked over the city. It took 9 years to build and cost $3 billion in today's money. completed in 438 B.C. Used for political and cultural achievements. The Parthenon was one of the biggest construction projects of the ancient world. Great Greek architects were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Questions-
1. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
2. Why did the build the Acropolis? to show political and technological advancement over other civilizations.
Military and Delian League
Tactics-Phalanx they assembled in one big unit and fought as one unit instead of individual people, but the downfall was cavalry units ran around the side and could hurt them from there. Their Naval warfare was fought with galleys and archers on the deck. Pericles was a politician and a democrat. He was also a general in their army and led them to victories in the Peloponnesian and Persian wars. Socrates was a philosopher and was born in Athens. He though Sparta was much more organized and better designed then Athens. Plato was the student of Socrates and wrote the dialogues that contain most of Socrates ideas. Aristotle was a student of Plato and taught Alexander the great all of his war tactics. Archimedes was the first person to calculate Pi. Pythagoras developed the Pythagorean theorem. The Delian League was a coalition of Greek states and Athenians and was founded in 478 B.C. Its HQ was in Delos. Their main goals were to free the Ionian Greeks from Persia and protect the Aegean Sea. They used sea power and eventually ran Persia out of the Aegean Sea. Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis were major battles in the Persian War. Thermopylae was the battle that the movie 300 was based upon.
Questions
1. who was the leader of Athens during much of the golden age?
Pericles
2. Name two famous battles of the Persian War?
Marathon and Thermopylae
Geography-
Greece borders the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea and the East Mediterranean Sea. Greeks thought the sea was a beautiful element. Gained many things/a freedom environment. The longest river in Greece is the Aliakmon. Riverbeds tend to dry up. Grew barley- barley was less demanding and more productive. Grapes were very popular in Greece because of the rocky soil. Goats and sheep were the most common animals in Greece. provided fur, milk, and meat. chicken and geese were grown and eaten. oxen were rare. Their climate was mild, and rainy winters with relatively warm and dry summers. lots of sunshine all through the year. They used the Mediterranean basin for trade routes. Farmers, Blacksmiths, Craftsmen, Doctors, Merchants, and Bankers.
Questions
1.What part of geography helped the Greeks during the battle of Salamis?
The Aegean Sea.
What were Greek's main crop and when were they planted and harvested?
Barley, grapes, and olives and it was planted in April and harvested in October.
Questions
What is the meaning of Aristotle's name?
the best purpose
Which of the three philosophers went into the military at age 18?
Socrates.
Plytheism
Many gods and goddesses. gods were immortal, they were not all powerful. Fate ruled over all. Gods had human traits and emotions and manipulated humans. Believed in an underworld where spirits went, life after death. Prayed in temples. Had ceremonies and rituals performed for one particular god or goddesses. Sacrificed domestic animals. Sacrificing formed a bond between humans and the gods. Strived to please the gods to gain favor.
Gods-
Zeus. child of Cronus and Rhea. overthrew his father. King of the gods. God of the sky, weather, law, order and fate. Married to Hera. Fathered many gods and heroes. Symbols were thunderbolt, eagle, bull and oak.
Poseidon. Swallowed by Cronus at birth but was later saved. God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses. Married to Amphitrite. Father of Theseus. Often changed into the shape of a steed.
Hades. Oldest male child of Cronus and Rhea. God of the Underworld and precious metal under earth. Obtained his wife Persephone through trickery and abduction. Has a helmet that makes him invisible.
Hera. Queen of all gods. Protected women and marriage. called Lady. Amazon protector. Married to and a sister to Zeus.
Athena. Born out of Zeus's head. Zeus's favorite. Goddess of strategic war, wisdom and justice, city and agriculture.
Apollo. Son of Zeus. Twin to Artemis. God of music, light, healing, and truth. Drove the sun. Never married, but had children.
Artemis. Daughter of Zeus and Leto. Virgin Goddess of the hunt. Twin to Apollo. Could bring sudden death with one arrow.
Ares. God of war, Battle lust, civil order, and Manly behavior. Son of Zeus and Hera. Had a long affair with Aphrodite during which he had 4 sons and 1 daughter. The planet Mars is named after his Roman equivalent.
Aphrodite. Goddess of love, beauty, and fertility. Also a protectress of sailors. Born from the sea foam. Most beautiful woman in the world.
Myths- Zeus was the son of Cronos. Cronos was destined to be overthrown by a son. Zeus escaped and freed his siblings and imprisoned Cronos. Zeus married Metis but his authority made him arrogant. Killed Metis and Athena was born from his head. Athena is Zeus's most trusted. Athena was a great goddess who never lost her cool. She protects cities and gives a just discipline. Has a temple in Athens.
Medusa would flaunt her beauty for she was almost as beautiful as Athena. Medusa made Athena angry and turned her beloved hair into serpents. Medusa looked into a living thing's eyes it would turn to stone.
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