Projects:
Architecture of the Golden Age of the Athenians
- The Acropolis was the main group of buildings in Athens that looked over the city. - Sacred area. - Most recognizable monuments in the world. -- Took 9 years to build and 3 billion dollars.
-The Parathenon and other buildings were all built between 460 and 430 - Used for political and cultural achievments. -Famous for worshiping the Great Goddess Athena. - Celebrating the ending of the Athen's war with Persia.
-The Parathenon is one of the biggest construction projects of the ancient world.
-The Porch of Caryatids has six columns holding up the roof - All femal figures were each scupltured differently - in order to hold to weight and still look elegant. -- Cost 130 million dollars to build. 421-406 BC.
*The most devine, and complex sculptures of this time are the sculptures of the Athenian Acropolis.
-The purpose of the buildings were built to show cultural and political achievement (political gatherings) of Athens. - Others were used to honor Gods and Goddesses.
-Had walls built up around Athens for protection and defense. Praise, worshiping, buy and selling items, and education were some reasons for use of these buildings.
-The Agora is where the people would go to buy and sell their goods with each other. -Like a mall and a grocery store.
-The Theater of Dionysus was meant for dramatic plays.
-Gymnasium - Kids would go to get education.
-Pnyx was used for Athenians would go to this building and gather around and decide on the laws and the rules of the town.
Key Players -- Pericle's plan fro the Athens was to get the greatest Greece architects.
-Socrates -served in the Athenian army during the clash with Sarta. - Son of a sculpter.
-Plato - Pirates captured him and his friends tried to buy him back. His friends bought him a property and he made it into a school.
-Aristotle- He was a teacher of a thirteen year old for four years. - Went to Athens to establish his school of philosophy.
Military and the Delian League-
-Phalanx were used in the battle of Marathon around 500 BC. It use against calvary is it's down fall. Athenians used mountains and natural habitat to protect the weak side.
-Naval Warfare - Athens used naval warfare during the Peloponnesian War - Fought by ramming and boarding enemy ships. - Major Naval Force
Key Players: Pericles, Socrates, Plato, Aristotles, Archedmides, Pythagoras.
-Pericles was a general politician/democrat. He ruled Athens from 461-429 BC - led victories in the Peloponnesian and the Persian War.
-Socrates was a Athenian philosopher - Praised Sparta - wasn't liked for that reason.
-Plato was a student of Socrates - and Aristotle was a student of Plato.
-Archemides was a well known mathematician.
-Pythagoras invented the pythagorean therom.
Delian League - Coalition of Greek States and Athenians. - Under the control of Athens and the HQ was in Delos.
Goals:
-Free the Ionian Greeks from Persia
-Use sea power
-Protect Aegean Sea
-Athens was the leader.
**Persia was run out of the Aegean Sea.
Famous Battles of the Persian War: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis.
Famous Battles of the Peloponnesian War: Battle of Pylos
Weapons and Armor -
-Swords, iron knives, arrowheads, archery, and spears.
-To be in the army you had to be 18 or older, male, and own land. - have mandatory 2 years military training. - In the old days if you were rich and could buy your own weapons you could fight in the war.
Many of the Soldiers were:
-Hoplites - heavily armored.
-Young ephebes - adolescent males.
-Peltasts - Light armored and carried javelins.
Aristotle - Very important founding person in Western Philosophy - wrote about physics, poetry, theatre and music.
-Famous Greek Philosopher.
-Granddaddy of the scientific method.
-Taught by Plato and then he taught Alexander the Great.
-Born in 384 BC - Died in 322 BC.
-Was married to Pythias, had two daughters - one was abopted.
-First trained in medicine and when he turned 18 he went to Plato's Academy in Athens to continue his education. -Studied philosophy with Plato - Stayed in the academy for 20 years before quitting.
-Aristotle was brought up and then trained and educated to be a member of the government Aristocracy.
-Advanced in the areas of physics and astronomy.
-Established a new school called Lyceum.
Plato
-Was born around 428 BC into a Athenian family. - Died in 347 BC - either in his bed while a young girl played the flute to him, at a wedding feast, or in his sleep.
-2 brothers and 1 sister.
-Father died when he was young, but his mother remarried.
-Wrestling coach changed his name to Platon because of wide shoulders.
-He was very sucessful in youth sports, music and academics.
-Studied music and poetry.
-During war with Sparta, he won Athenian prize for bravery.
-Student of Socrates at the age of 20.
-Known for being on of the greatest philosophers of all time.
-Taught Aristotle and was taught by Socrates.
-Wrote a lot about government, ethics, law and reason.
-Philosophy mathematics, and science.
-The Academy and Lyceum, Aristotle's school were rivals.
Socrates
-Classical Greek Philosopher
-One of the founders of Western Philosophy
-Known for his contribution to ethics.
-Lived from 468-399 BC in Athens - Grew up very poor.
-Attended the school of Athens
-Hoplite soldier in Peloponnesian War against Sparta at age 18.
-Completed 2 works of sculpture.
-Accused of being an Athiest, served to a death penalty, decided to drink poison - killed himself with hemlock.
-Known for endless questioning - never lectured.
-Used a lot of irony in teaching his students -Taught Plato
-Best known for commiting suicide by force.
-Peloponnesian War fought.
-Didn't charge to attend his schooling.
-Natural Ethic, Knowledge and Wisdom, self knowledge, politics-were some of his philosophies.
-socratic irony, definition, analysis, and generalization. - Socratic Method
Athenian Religion -
-Polytheism - believed in many gods and goddesses - believed the gods provided everything that they needed to sustain life.
-They prayed in temples and performed rituals
-Sacrificed animals in order to form a bond with that certain god
-Prayed to different Gods depending on what they wanted.
Gods -- 3 most popular gods are Zues, Poseidon, and Hades-
Zues- God of the sky, weather, law, order and fate.
-Symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull and oak.
Poseidon- God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.
-Often changed into the shape of a steed.
Hades - God of the underworld, and precious metal under earth.
-Has a helmet that makes him invisible
Hera- Was the queen of all Gods.
-Proteced women and marriage - Married Zues
Athena- Born out of Zues's head.
-Goddess of strategic war, wisdom and justice, and of the city and agriculture.
Apollo- Son of Zues.
-God of music, light, healing, and truth. - Drove the sun across the sky everyday.
Artemis - Daughter of Zues and Leto-
-Virgin of Goddess of the hunt, could bring death with one sudden arrow.
Ares- God of war, battlelust, civil order, and manly behavior.
-The planet Mars is named after his Roman equivalent.
Aphrodite - God of love, beauty and fertility.
-Born from the Sea foam.
-Most beautiful women in the world.
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