Hannibal crossing the Alps- One of the greatest military achievments on ancient warfare.
Happened during the 2nd Punic war.
Took 16 days to cross
Why did he cross the Alps- He thought it would give him a better chance against the Romans if he came down with all the war elephants. A lot of the elephants didn't survive.
The wars were fought over pure hatred by one side against the other.
Roman Trade- Very vital to the Roman empire
Most common trade items: beef, corn, glassware, iron, lead, leather, marble, olive oil, perfumes, purple dye, silk, silver, spices, timber, tin, and wine.
Main trading partners: spain, France the Middle East and North America.
Made trade very simple by only using 1 form of currency.
They used the Tiber river, Mediterranean Sea, and the Black sea for a trading route.
Manufacturing of goods increased in the empires cities, and many opportunities for commerce existed. Rome became one of the empires greatest commercial centers.
Two-way trade routes extended to other commercial centers in lands as far away as egypt, Germany and China.
The empire's location around the Mediterranean sea helped make all this commercial activity possible.
Roman Ag- Used crop rotation
Sometimes had to import food because of mountains.
After conquering Egypt, able to import lots of wheat.
Most crops raised on large estates called Latifundias.
Cicero considered farming the best of all Roman occupations.
The main crop was wheat, and bread was present at every meal.
Majority of work done on the farm was by saves and servants.
Farming- Farms created main source of income for Romans
Certain types of food were given out to the public for free (corn,wheat)
Since Roman Empire stretched through a lot of of land, there were different climates to allow a mixture of crops produced.
Romans had 4 systems of farm management.Family work, Tenant farming, forced labor slavery, other arrangments.
Slavery- Ancient Rome depended on slaves.
It didn't matter what race people would sell their own kids.
When freed they could work the same jobs as the Plebians.
Debt slavery where someone could be a slave to work off a debt.
slaves were forced be gladiators.
Saturnalia- A christmas for the slaves in which the slaves and the masters switched places.
That was a way for the master to show appreciation to the slaves.
Slaves could be highly educated and be a teacher or physician and biult public buildings adn managed shops and stores,
they worked on the farm
Gladiator- was a game that a criminal would fight an armed man or a beast like a lion.
Thumbs up means the gladiator could live and thumbs down would mean let him die.
They had an order of events.
Animal hunts, the emperor would shoot his bow at the animals.
The Bestiarii were gladiators trained to fight tigers and lions.
Emperor- Tiberius 22years and 6 months adopted son of Augustus and was probably killed by Caligula great nephew of Tiberius which was assassinated by senators and Praetorian guards.
Claudius nephew of Tiberius and uncle of caligula probably poisoned by his wife Agrippina.
Claudius was a weak emperor because he let it happen in his name.
Nero stepson and adopted son of Claudius He was susspected of setting fire to the city.
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