We took notes on a powerpoint
Hannibal Crossing the Alps
One of the greatest military achievements of ancient warfare
Happened during the 2nd Punic War
Took 16 days
Many of his elephants did not survive the journey.
Why?
He thought that it would give him a better chance against the Romans if he came down with all of his war elephants
The wars were fought over pure hatred by one side against the other.
I dont think it was such a good idea. He lost much of his army and his elephants and he didn't end up with anything after all this. It was an achievement, but it didn't help him win the war.
Trade
Very vital to the Roman Empire
Items: Beef, corn, glassware, iron, lead, leather, silk, timber
Partners: Spain France, Middle East, North Africa
Tiber River, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea were trading routes
Two-way trade routes extended to other commercial centers in lands as far away as Egypt, Germany, and China
The empire's location around the Mediterranean Sea helped make all this commercial activity possible
It is worth it to be near water because that trade can bring in more money, meaning more defense.
Ag
Used crop rotation
Sometimes had to import food because of mountains
After conquering Egypt, able to import lots of wheat
Most of crops raised on large estates call latifundias
Cicero considered farming the best of all Romanoccupations
Main crop was wheat, and bread was present during almost every meal
Majority of work done on the farm was by slaves and servants.
Farms created main source of income for Romans
Certain types of food were given out to the public for free (corn, wheat)
Since Roman Empire stretched trough a lot of land, there were different climates to allow a mixture of crops produced
Romans had 4 systems of farm management-work done by owner and family, tenant farming and share cropping forced labor (slaves), and other arrangements
I would rather have samll farms then other people could have a chance to make money.
- Slavery
Ancient Romans depended on them
Most were foreigners
Not uncommon for desperate Romans to sell their children
When freed, they could work the same jobs as the Plebeians.
Debt slavery was common
Some slaves were forced to become gladiators
Saturnalia- a Christmas for the slaves in which the slaves and masters switched places
This was how a master would show appreciation and respect for the slaves (did not have to celebrate)
Manual Labor
Domestic services
Could be highly educated and skilled, worked as teachers and physicians
Slaves tasks include working on farms- produced food and materials the city depended on
Businesses- managed shops for store owners, in charge of shop keeping, lending of money, and selling merchandise
Public buildings- worked on aqueduct systems, built roads and bridges and arenas
I would want to be free small farmer.
- Gladiators
Games fought between an armed man and a criminal, wild animal, or another soldier.
Fought in the Coliseum in front of large audiences
Fighters risked their social standing and lives for glory
They had costumes and scenery which had to be put up
Thumbs up means save the gladiator that is down and thumbs down means let him die
Order of Events at the Gladiator Games
Animal Hunts- they had a scene and the Emperor would use a bow from his box seat and shoot them
The Bestiarii- Gladiators trained to fight tigers and lions
Criminals- sentenced to fight wild beasts at the games but without any skills, weapons, or armor
Go fight and have a chance.
- Emperors
- Claudius I-nephew of Tiberius and uncle of Caligula
ruled for 13 years and 9 months
probably poisoned by his wife
He was a weak and foolish emperor who allowed the cruelest acts to be committed in his name, then forgot them, and invited the persons for dinner whom he had just put to death
- Nero- stepson and adopted son of Claudius I
13 years and 8 months
Monster of vanity and cruelty
suspected of setting the city on fire and allowing more than 2/3 of it to burn, in order to rebuild it finer than it had been.
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