Driving Idea: Describe US Foreign Policy in the late 1800's and early 1900's and be able to give examples.
*Old vs. New Diplomacy- 1783- late 1800's. Old- US didn't intervene in foreign affairs.. wanted to avoid war, the US acted alone in foreign affairs, we didn't work with other nations. we waited for things to happen, and we watched.. if it impacted us, we would react, but on our own.. if it didn't impact us, we did nothing about it. we had a weak army and navy. George Washington's advice was to stay out of European affairs. New- we started going out and getting territory, we became aggressive. Military became very strong. We were very much involved in other countries problems. We had a very strong nationalism. we aren't imperialistic anymore.
*Main powers in the late 1800's
US purchase of Alaska - The secretary of state William Seward wanted to purchase Alaska but the house of representatives did not want him to because they thought it wasn't worth it, nicknamed it Seward's Ice Box. Was purchased for 2 cents an acre, there was oil, gold, minerals, made it a great buy.
US taking of Hawaii - They were a monarchy at the time, the king died and the queen Liliuokalani proposed a new constitution that gave the monarchy more power, and made it so people not from Hawaii could not vote, went there on missionary work, sugar cane plantations really made the interest in Hawaii. At first there was no tariff to sugar cane coming in from Hawaii. The minister did not like it and it passed so they were scared, so they told the political enemies against her and started a conspiracy. Charles B. Wilson wanted them arrested for starting the conspiracy.
Spanish-American War-
-Causes - The first cause was the US noticing what was going on with Cuba revolting against Spain, Spain became very hard on Cubans after they won against them and that is when we got involved. General Valeriano Weyler put Cubans into Concentration camps because he wanted to keep them close so they did not cause anymore trouble. The Yellow Press explained how the Cubans were being mistreated very badly but often over exaggerated and seemed to be a part of the start of the War, Nicknamed the Spanish General the butcher. The USS Maine Sunk outside of Havana, the US blamed Spain for the sinking of the ship. Jose Marti was a Cuban Nationalist, wanted independence for Cuba from Spain, Stated to destroy American property and made it look like Spain destroyed it to get the US into the war to help them be free of Spain.
-battles/famous people involved - Battle of San Juan hill- Started shortly after war started, Ended up taking San Juan hill on July 1st, , The Siege of Santiago- Began on July 3, The US artillery bombarded Santiago and the Army assisted the Cuban Revolutionists, The result of this battle was that the US won when the Spanish Surrendered. Rough Riders- Teddy Roosevelt lead this group, Calvary unit, Only had an Army of 17,000 there, Cowboys, Police men, Athletes and strong men who knew how to ride horses made up the Rough riders.
-Results/Treaty - Ended after 10 weeks of Battle, April 11, 1898, President went to Congress to ask to stop the war, wanted to establish a stable government for Cuba, demanded Spain to give up Cuba, The Treaty of Paris to give up Cuba to the United States, US got control of the Philippines, Guam and Puerto Rico, Nickname for this war was A Splendid Little War.
US Control of Puerto Rico -
US Control of Cuba -
US Control of Philippines -
Open Door Policy in China -
Boxer Rebellion in China -
Teddy Roosevelt's Nobel Peace Prize -
Getting control and building Panama Canal - The French started in 1888 and stopped in 1889, America started in 1904 and stopped at 1914, We helped Panama get independence from Columbia in 1903. Columbia was very upset of this.
Roosevelt Corollary and Monroe Doctrine -
Big Stick Diplomacy--"Speak softly and carry a big stick" -
Taft's Dollar Diplomacy - The US would pay off the debts to European countries in Central and South America to keep Europe out of there. Was supposed to be peaceful but sometimes became violent.
Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy - Wanted to look over Latin America, wanted to remove all the dictators from Latin America. Leader in one of the Mexican countries and person who killed him became dictator, took over this country from the dictator.
US issues with Mexico Huerta Came to power by killing leader.
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