*Old vs. New Diplomacy- 1783- late 1800's. Old- US didn't intervene in foreign affairs.. wanted to avoid war, the US acted alone in foreign affairs, we didn't work with other nations. we waited for things to happen, and we watched.. if it impacted us, we would react, but on our own.. if it didn't impact us, we did nothing about it. we had a weak army and navy. George Washington's advice was to stay out of European affairs. New- we started going out and getting territory, we became aggressive. Military became very strong. We were very much involved in other countries problems. We had a very strong nationalism. we aren't imperialistic anymore.
*Main powers in the late 1800's
US purchase of Alaska- bought from Russia. the Secretary of stat wanted to buy Alaska but the house of representatives didn't want him to. They thought it was a waste of money, it was just a bunch of ice.. He wanted to buy this because of gold. It was around 7.2 million dollars. 2 cents an acre. There were good minerals. Cartoon- the Russian is bringing ice to a person's basement. uncle Sam was proud of the US. 1860's.
US taking of Hawaii- they were a monarchy. the queen's husband died. she wanted to take control. proposed a new constitution in that gave the monarchy more power and took away power from other people (Europeans and Americans).. the ministers didn't like this plan, so they thought she was going to create a mob. McKinley annexed Hawaii. It became a state in 1959. We wanted Hawaii for missionary work, sugar cane plantations and no tariffs were put on them.
Spanish-American War- it started with Cuba trying to get their independence from Spain.. but eventually the US got involved.
-Causes- Cuban's rebelled, put some of the Cubans in the concentration camps so they wouldn't go out and cause trouble, yellow press- journalist wrote about what happened to the Cubans, they made it sound worse than what it really was. USS Maine-ship that was sent down from the US, McKinley wanted to protect American places and people who were working there in the sugar plants.. the yellow press made it sound like the Cuban's blew the ship up. This is the reason we went to war with them. Another reason we went to war- Enrique wrote a letter that called President McKinley weak and had no backbone.
-Battles/famous people involved- Battle of Sand wan Hill- in May of 1998. We won this also. Teddy Roosevelt and the rough riders fought in it. Famous People: Rough riders- they ran up the hill because they had to abandon the horses. they had an army as big as 17,000. rough riders were mostly cowboys and strong men that knew how to ride horses for a long time. police officers, athletes. Santiago- after Sand wan Hill, on July 3rd. We won this battle.
Teller Amendment-addition to Declaration of War saying that we would not take Cuba. imperialist vs anti-imperialist in the US.
Fronts in Spanish- American war- Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico.
-Results/Treaty- lasted 10 weeks.. 3 months. treaty of Paris- agreement for Spain to surrender control of Cuba to the united states.
US Control of Puerto Rico- We raised our flag over it. We tried to make the Puerto Ricans just like the Americans.They are US citizens. They voted to become a US state and congress still has to okay it.
US Control of Cuba- we used them for trade.. Cuba wanted independence and the Spanish-American war helped them get it. Teller Amendment- saying that we wouldn't take Cuba.. guaranteed Cuba their independence. We basically controlled Cuba
Plat Amendment-required Cuba to add it to their Constitution.. US had the right to intervene, they couldn't go into debt with another country, they gave us a naval base.
US Control of Philippines- It started with a battle of Minilla in 1899. They thought they were going be free after the war because we were giving Cuba independents but we were only doing that because of the Teller Amendment. The imperialist league tried to make sure we didn't go and kill and take them over. America won the war because the Philippians didn't want to fight. After the war they got their independents but we still like controlled everything. Emilio Aguinaldo declared independents from Spain in 1898. We bought the land from Spain for 20 million in the Treaty of Pairs. on July 4th 1946 is when they finally got their independents.
Open Door Policy in China- President wanted us to have an open door so that we could trade with them on the Chinese Market. All the countries got to have a trading policy with China. It saved Chinese independence.
Boxer Rebellion in China- Boxers were Chinese, they were called this because they tried to become boxers to try and fight off other people. The Europeans named them this. They wanted to get rid of the imperialistic powers. They killed some Europeans.. this would have been a good chance for Europeans to take over China.
Teddy Roosevelt's Nobel Peace Prize- he won this for bringing the Russo Japanese War. he promoted peace. He was the first, only American to win it. He used common sense and saved many lives.. he didn't keep the money that he won, he gave it to congress but congress never put the committee together, so they gave him the money back to give to charity.
Getting control and building Panama Canal- We helped Panama get away from Columbia and get it's independence so they signed the treaty. l904-l9l4.
Problems- 5,600 lives were lost from disease like yellow fever, malaria. There were also a lot of disasters such as landslides and stuff. If you were to add the French's death to the total it would raise to 25,00. It cost American 375 million dollars.
Roosevelt Corollary and Monroe Doctrine- It was a warning issue for Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere. If they do come over they will have to "metal" with us. It happened in 1823. President Roosevelt gave an addition to this and backed up the Monroe Doctrine.
Big Stick Diplomacy--"Speak softly and carry a big stick"- We used our bullets and military to get control. Roosevelt telling Panama to revolt from Columbia. Panama got their independence from Columbia and we got the canal. It is pretty much a threat. The big stick would represent our navy or our military power. Best example is Columbia and Panama Canal.
Taft's Dollar Diplomacy- We would pay other people countries debts to European countries so that they didn't get taken over. this allowed us to get a lot of control of their banks and businesses.. US gave loans to other countries.
Wilson's Missionary Diplomacy- Wilson wanted to look over Latin American things. He wanted to get rid of all dictatorships. It was a failure. The idea that democracy is the best government. Missionary diplomacy stated that if you weren't democratic, we wouldn't recognize them.
US issues with Mexico- 1910-1920.. Missionary Diplomacy with Huerta(killed the people). Tampico Affair- Huerta apologized and released the prisoners. Arbitration came in.. Huerta's government collapsed after this. Carranza becomes president.. we recognized their government. Pancho Villa- Mexican Expedition. 1916-1917. Pancho and his group went up and killed lots of US citizens.. once on US soil. Wilson got the idea to invade Mexico. Our goal was to catch Pancho-Villa but we never did.
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