Monday, October 10th

[3Marielle]

Continued on with presentationsCarly: Science and Urban Life-Engineering Innovations like the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883-Cities expanded in population and physical size-40% of Americans moved to the city-Skyscrapers: having elevators and a steel skeleton that were able to bear the weight of a bigger building-Flatiron Building: one of the first skyscrapers and it is the triangular building in the middle of Times Square-Streetcars were built in the 1870's and 1880's that were powered by underground cables-Brooklyn Bridge was built to allow people the leisure to cross the bridge on a regular day.-City Planning: Chicagos's population was 30,000 in 1850, but in 1870 the population grew to about 300,000-New Technologies: advances in printing and aviationJordan:-Between 1865 and 1995, states passed laws requiring 12 to 16 weeks annually of school atendance by students between the ages of 8 and 14-Kindergartens became increasingly popular-By the early 1890's more than half a millon students attended high school-African Americans wer mostly excluded from public secondary education-By 1910, 3% of African Americans between the ages of 15 and 19 attended high school, but a majority of these students still attended private schools-Immigrants were encouraged to go to school, unlike African Americans-Nearly 10 million European immigrants settled in the US between 1860-1890-They were better at memorizing than they were at truly understandingMelissa P:-After reconstruction in 1877, Africans fell victim to laws restricting their rights-Admisitered a literacy test, and the African Americans were typically given a harder test than the whites were-Poll Tax: a tax that has to be paid to vote-Grand father clause: made to negate the 15th Amendment (make it ineffective)-The grandfather clause gave the white men more power over the African Americans-Plessy vs. Ferguson Case: Homer Plessy was 1/8 black and 7/8 black (one of his great grandparents were black) and man told him to move to the black car of the train but Plessy refused-(Mexican) railroads hired Mexicans because they would take less money and they were used to the climate