Hannibal crossing the Alps
- One of the greatest military achievements if ancient welfare.
- happened during the 2nd Punic war
- Hannibal crossing the Alps was known to be 1 of the major achieve of the 2nd Punic war
- took 16 days to cross
Why?
- He thought that it would give him a better chance against the Romans if he came down with all of his war elephants
- the wars were fought over pure hatred by one side against the other
Roman trade
- Very vital to the Roman empire
- most common: beef corn glassware iron lead leather marble olive oil perfumes purple dye silk silver spices timber tin and wine
- main trading partners Spain France the middle eat and North Africa
- made trade very simple by using only 1 from of currency.
- They used the Timber River med sea and the black sea for a trading route
- manufacturing of goods increases in the empire cities, and many opp for commerce existed. Rome became 1 of the empires greatest commercial centers.
- 2way trade routes extended to other commercial centers in lands as far away as Egypt Germany China.
- The empires location around the Mediterranean sea helped make all this commercial activity possible.
Roman Ag
- used crop rotation
- sometimes had to import food because of mountains
- After conquering Egypt able to import lots of wheat
- most of crops raised on lg estates called Latifundias
- Cicero considered farming the best of all Roman occupations
- the main crop was wheat and bread was present during almost every meal
- majority of work done on the farm was by slaves.
- farms created main source of income for Romans
- certain types of food were given out of the public (corn and wheat)
- since roman empire stretched through a lot of land there were different climates to allow a mixture of crops produced
- Romans had 4 systems of farm management- work done by owner and family tenant farming and share cropping forced labor and other arrangement s in which farm owner rented farm out.
Slavery General
- Ancient Rome depended on slaves
- most slaves were foreigners and unlike most places it did not depend on race
- not uncommon for desperate Romans to sell their children into slavery.
- when freed, they could work the same jobs as the Plebeians.
- Debt slavery was common where a person could work odd a debt becoming a slave for a certain period of time depending on the debt.
- some slaves were forced ti become gladiators.
- Saturnalia- a Christmas for the slaves in which the slaves and masters switched places.
- During this celebration the master performed all the task a slave would.
- it was a way that masters would show appreciation and respect for slaves
Slavery
- manual labor
- domestic services
- could highly educated and skilled worked as teachers and physicians
- slaves task included working on farms produced the food and materials the cities depended on
- businesses managed shops for store owners, ion charge of shop keeping lending of money and selling of merchandise
- public buildings- worked on aqueduct systems, built roads and bridges and arenas
Gladiator
- the gladiator games were games fought between an armed man and a criminal. wild animal or another soldier. They were fought in the Coliseum in front of lg audiences. Many people who fought the criminals and wild animals risked their social standings and their lives for the glory. They had costumes and scenery which had to be put up as well.
Games
- thumbs up means save the gladiator that's down and thumbs down means death
- order of events at the gladiator games:
- animal hunts- they had a scene and the Emperor would use a bow from his box seat and shoot them.
- The Bestiarii- these were gladiators trained to fight tiger and lions
- criminals were sentenced to fight wild beasts at the games but without skills, weapons, or armor.
Emperors
- Tiberius- adopted son of Augustus- 22 yrs and 6 m.- possibly assassinated by Caligula. He was cruel tyrant who put men to death upon suspicion
- Caligula- great nephew of Tiberius- 3yrs and 10 m.- assassinated in conspiracy involving senators and Praetorian guards.
- He was insane and once threaten to have his horse made consul and at another time raised a great army. and marched it hundreds of miles, and then commanded the soldiers to gather the shells finish
- Claudius- nephew of Tiberius and uncle pf Caligula- 13 yrs 9 m.- probably poisoned by his wife Agrippina
- He was a weak and foolish emperor who allowed the cruelest acts to be committed on his name and then forgot then and invited the persons to dinner whom he had just had put to death.
- Nero- 13 yrs 8 m.- stepson and adopted some of Claudius.
- He was a monster of vanity and cruelty he was suspected of setting fire to the city and allowing more than 2/3 of it burned up in order that he might rebuild it finer than it had been before.
Comments