Hannibal crossed the alps. One of the greatest military achievements of ancient warfare. Happened during the 2nd Punic War. Hannibal crossing the Alps was known to be one of the major achievments of the second punic war. Took 16 days to cross. Many of their elephants did not survive the journey.
Why did he cross the alps- he thought it would give them a bettere chance agianst the romans if he came down with all of his war elephants. The wars were fought over pure hatred by one side against the other.
Roman trade- very vital to the roman empire. Most common trade items, beef, corn, glassware, iron, lead, leather, marble, spices, timber, and many others. Traded with spain, france, the middle east, and north africa. made trade very simple by only using 1 form of currency. They used the Tiber river, mediterranean sea and the black sea for a trading route. Manufacturing of goods increased in the empires cities and many oppurtunities for commerce existed. Rome became on of the empires greatest commercial centers. two way routes extended to other centers in lands as far as egypt germany and china.
Roman ag. used crop rotation. sometimes had to import food because of the mountains. After conquering egypt they could import lots of wheat. Most crops were raised on large estates called latifundias. farming was the best of all occupations. the main crop was wheat.most work was done by slaves. farms created main source of income for romans. Certain types of food were given out to the public for free. Since the empire stretched through a lot of land there were different climates to allow a mixture of crops produced. had 4 systems of farm management. done by owner, tenant farming and share cropping forced labor by slaves.
Slavery- they depended heavily on slaves. Most slaves were foreigners and unlike most places it did not depend on race. Not uncommon for desperate romans to sell their children into slavery. debt slavery was common where a person could work off a debt by becoming a slave for a certain period of time. Some slaves were forced to become gladiators. Saturnalia was a christmans for slaves where they traded place with their owners. It showed the masters appreciation. they did manual labor. could be highly educated and skilled worked as teachers and physicians. worked on farms and in managed shops, built roads and buildings.
Gladiators. the gladiators were games fought between an armed man and a criminal, wild animal or another soldier. they were fought in the coliseum in from of large crowds. many people who fought the criminals and wild animals risked their social standing and their lives for glory. Thumbs up meant save the gladiator thats down and thumbs down meant let him die. Order of events- Animal hunts- they had a scene and the emperor would use a bow from his box seat and shoot them. The bestarii, these were gladiators trained to fight tigers and lions. Criminals were sentenced to fight the wild beasts at the games but had no weapons or armor.
Emperors- tiberius- adopted son of augustus 22 years and 6 months. possibly assassinated by caligula. He was cruel tyrant who put men to death upon mere suspicion. Caligula great nephew of tiberius. served 3 months . assassinated in consperiacy involing senators and guards. He was insane he once threatened to have his horse made consul. he raised a great army and made them march hundreds of miles to get shells on the beach and carry them back. Claudius 1 nephew of tiberius and uncle of Caligula. served 13 years and 9 months probably poisoned by his wife. he invited people to diner that he had sentenced to death. Nero- stepson and adopted so of Claudius. served 13 years and 8 months. he burned 2/3 of the city to build it better than it was.
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