William Taft. didnt want to be president. wanted to be a judge. served on Supreme court. people didn't like him as much as T.R. passed the payne Aldrich Tariff. Uncle Joe Cannon. anti-progressive. The republican party split.
Bull Moose election. Initiative referendum, recall in all states. Woman Suffrage. Worker's compensation, 8 hour work day, minumum wage. Eugene V. Debs- Socialist, almost comunist.
Woodrows Wilson's New Freedom- Grew up in the South. during reconstruction. Ministers in family. Laywer History Professor, President of Princeton University, Governor of New Jersey. Passed passed the Federal Reserve Act- bankers bank. So banks don't close down. Clayton Anti- Trust Act, Set up labor unions, made them leagal. Anti trust=anti monopolies. still used today.Federal Trade Commission was established in 1914- investigated companies for monopolistic practice. 13th ammendment, ferderal income tax. Led us through World War One. Announced the 14 points (treaty to end it) he wanted the world to change or become to. His allies adopted the Treaty of Versailles, Peace treaty (ended WWI). Underwood Tariff- reduced tariff, benefitting most common americans.
Federal Reserve System. America needed stronger banks. Ferderal reserve act 1913. divided nations into 12 districss. Frederak Reserve banks could issue new paper money in emergency situations. also helped with giving out loan money,Controls the amount of money in situation. Helps with inflation and deflation. Lower intrest rates. 17 18 19 ammendment. Led them during the Mexican Crisis and WWI. developed missionary diplomacy. African Americans were for the most part ignored. Marked the golden age. WWI dominated wilsons second term.
Imperialism. When a stronger courntry takes over a weaker one. With army or economical strength. First America decided to expand in Cuba. USA was taken over a lot of differnt countries. Russia- Asia, Germany- Africa, Asia, U.S.A.- Asian Is, France- Africa Asia, Japan- Asican, China, Great Britain- Asia, Africa, Italy- Africa, Mediterain Sea.
Alaska- 1741 they went exploring. Started to hunt otters. Russia expanded all throughout all of Alaska. 1867 U.S. bought Alaska From Russia for 7.2 million dollars. It wasn't an actual state. in 1958 statehood was aproved.
Hawaii- was involved it U.S. ecomnomy for a long time, because of their white sugar crop. in 1875 we let them import the sugar for free. Mickenly Tariff 1890. made the farmers pay the duty. There were a lot of competeion between us. and hawaii. We wanted Anaxation. We put a Naval base there Peral Harbor. Forced the King to ammend that only white land owners could vote. king died in 1890. President Cleaveland tried giving back power. then there was a public of Hawaii. 1897 Cleaveland August 12th 1898 it was anexed.. 1959 it became a state.
Spanish American War- 1898 William McKinley president. Cuba- communist country. Cuba was trying to get independence from spain. U.S. helps Cuba. Jose Marti- Cuba started destroying property. made it looked like spain was doing it so we would get involded with the war. Genercal Valeriano Weyler put cuban's into concentration camp. hundreds died. Causes an increase in tention between the u.s. and spain... 1895 civil war broke out in Cuba between Spain and Cubans. The conflict ws described as Senetor. Joesph Pultizer... American property being destroyed by spain. Putting Cubans into concentration camp, Yellow press making spain look worse and worse instigating everything. William McKinley asked to go to war. Enrique Dupay de Lamo- spanish emassador of the U.S. called McKinley spineless, weak, and he should stand up for what he believed in. USS Maine after explosion. Yellow press said that spain did it. it was actually an internal explosion, and it was an acident. (biggest cause) Remember the Maine? heck with spain, (battle cry) Major goals. Secure full independence for Cuba. Teller Amendment- said U.S. would not take over Cuba when war was over. We Felt sorry for them, and we should help them gain independence. Jingoism- belief that U.S. should go to war- Roosevelt Lodge B.B. owners- many believe jingoes poessured McKinley to delcare war- McKinley had wanted desperately to stay put out of war. Throught that by going to war, U.S. would go into another depression. April 19th 1898 we declared war. This was could have been avoided.
Major battles- first war ever fought over seas for America. Most of the men were volunteers. when the war ended the treaty of Paris was signed. The u.S. spent over 250 million dollars. Over 3 thousand people died. only 350 died from the actually fighting with Spanish. T.R. was a famous gernal. The battle of San wan Hill. George Duey- ordered to take over the philippines. it was pretty easy. Spain was a crumbling empire. Philippiene war we lost more people in this war than the spain war. We were the bad guys in this war. Admiral William Sampson helped blockade Cuba. we demolished the spanish navy when they tried to escape cuba. They were not prepared for the Medical Maleria. The mass majority lost their lives to illness. Leanord Wood was in charge of the Navy in Cuba. John Hay called this a "Splendid Little War". we ended up getting a lot of war. Treaty of Paris 1898.- Bryan and McKinley ran for president. Imperialism was a big factor. Sped up transporting stuff. Removed Spanish forces from U.S. Strong internaional influence. Cuba received Independence. Spain gave u.s. Guam, Philippines (20 million) puerto Rico. We became impericalistic power.
Puerto Rico- wanted independence. They were being controled by U.S. we needed them for the land and carribien, and the for rigor act got rid of the military act. It had been ruled by spain since 1493,
Cuba- the plat amendment. The American Government provided food and clothing for Cuba, and helped farmers with farming, helped schools get established, and helped disease. 1900 Cuba wrote a constitution for independence. The U.S. kinda took over the constitution. 1901 we give idepence. bofore we left. Cuba could not made treaties. Platt Amendment- Cuba could not make treaties with other countries that would threaten their independence. US could intervene in Cuba to keep order. Cuba could not go into debt. US could but or lease land for naval bases or refueling stations a. Guatntanomo.
Puerto Rico- populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples the lsland was claimed by the Spanish Crown in the 1493 following Columbus' second second voyage to the Americans, 1917 P was granted us citizen ship.
Philippiens. TR contacted Duey to invade Philippiens if spain goes to war. Emilio Auginaldo was a Philippien leader. America granted Philippiens in 1946. Rebelion of the United States who lived in the Philippeins. We helped build roads, hospitals, schools. William Howard Taft was a govener over there for a while. We helped set up their government.
China Open Door policy- We were concerned that when other countires were taking over other Chiniese areas that we wouldn't be able to trade with them. China came up with it stated that any country could trade with whatever port (John Hay) Countries un officially signed it. gaurenteed China's independence.
Box rebeliion kind of destroyed to open box policy. They were tired of the other countried over looking them. they didn't want any other countries controlling them. They did this boxing type exersice. The goal was to kick the westerner people out. The box rebelion was not sucessfull.
anti imperialism- you don't want to take over other lands. They thought that it would bring war. It would cost us too much money to take care and keep control of the lands. it would take focus away from out country. We have our own things to take care of. Main reason- morrally wrong.
Panama Canall- If it wasnt for this canall trasportaion of goods would have taken much much longer. One of the reasons we got Puerto Rico. We wanted it so we could build it. About ten years ago Panama took control over it from the united states. one of the worlds biggest undertakings over. They would have to dig tons and tons of dirt because the soil was valcanic. Columbia refused to let the canal be built. Roosevelt gets credit for kind of making this happen. Yellow fever and Maleria was something that really slowed down the building of it. we continued is after the french stoped. 380 millino dollars. 5600 people died. opened August 15th 1914.
Mexico- leader told people to invest in his country. in 1911 people were upset with this becuse they themselves wanted money. He was trying to find a reason to go to war. 1914 they captured some us people. 18 died. Poncha Via crossed the border just to come and kill u.s. citizens. We went and captured him.
Missionary Diplomacy- any counrty who's leader comes to power through a bad way. We will not recognize governments that are oppressive, undemocratic, and hostile. Mexican government was overthrown by the General Victoriano Huerta. We invaded this Veracruz port. Mexico when through many leaders. Pancho Villa was pro US but changed withn Carranza asked US to control mexican mines. Killed dozens of US citizens on two different occasions.
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