Three Great WW II Dictators
- 1. Adolph Hitler-Germany
- 2. Benito Mussolini-Italy
- 3. Iosif Dzhugashvili(Josef Stalin)
Define totalitarianism.
Government has all the power.
Why did totalitarianism come about in the 1920’s and 1930’s?
- 1. Post-war depression
-high inflation
-1923 420 trillion marks to one US dollar
-high unemployment
-democratic governments struggled to end depression
- 2. New nations had no experience with democratic governments
- 3. Democracy brought about a lot of political parties
- 4. Unhappy with the results of WW I
-wanted revenge
We went over Mr. Bruns Powerpoint.
Characteristics of Totalitarian Regimes
- 1. Tried to control people of country through fear and intimidation
-secret police force and military
- 2. Propaganda campaigns promoting the party
-press censorship and control of media
- 3. Educating the young in the ways of totalitarianism
-militarism, nationalism, imperialism, history of country
- 4. Government controlled the economy
-USSR completely
-Germany and Italy partially
- 5. All preached about the unfairness of WW I
6. Leader became iconized
-statues and painting
Benito Mussolini’s Italy
Fascism
Fascist movement began right after WW I
-people were unhappy with the results and the economy
was terrible
-people were scared that the socialists might come to power so many turned to fascism
-including King Victor Emmaneul
Benito Mussolini( Il Duce)
-hated the wealthy and catholic church
-mother forced him to go to catholic school
-expelled for stabbing a rich student
-unsuccessful elementary teaching career
-joined the socialist movement before during WWI
-fought for Italy in WWI-injured
-got involved in Fascist movement after the war
-became the leader of the Fascist movement
-King Victor Emmanuel asked him to be premier in 1922
-by 1926 was complete dictator of Italy
-killed political opponents
Fascist Ideas
- 1. Hated communism and democracy- He believed in government power telling people what to do
- 2. Government’s role is to protect the people of the country
- 3. Nationalism-Take it to the extreme strong pride in ones country." Nothing above the state nothing outside the state and nothing against the state.
- 4. Militarism- Building up big powerful navy.
- 5. Imperialism
- 6. Corporativism-
-industrial leaders and workers must work well together
-detested capitalist’s greedy ways
- 7. Made Catholicism the national religion
-Mussolini hated religion but realized he nneded an alliance with the Catholic Church
-brought many Catholics to support Mussolini
- 8. Efficiency and order were very important
-Mussolini “made the trains run on time”
Mussolini’s fascism was not as strict as Nazism
-allowed monarchy to continue
-allowed the Catholic Church to continue
What did the world do to keep peace and not go to war?
Washington Naval Conference-
-4 Power G.B., U.S., France, Japan
-5 Power China
-9 Open Door Policy- free trade with Japan
Adolf Hitler
- born in 1889 in Austria
- dropped out of school at 16
- wanted to be and artist and architect
- failed to get into art school
- moved to Germany in 1913
- joined German Army when WWI broke out
- was wounded twice (once by gas)
- won numerous medals
- accepted the “stab in the back” theory
- hated Weimer Republic
- joined the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s Party (Nazi) after WWI
- voted Fuhrer (Leader) of the Nazi Party in 1921
- Nazi party attracted the following groups of people:
1. Manual laborers
2. Former soldiers
3. Adventurers and misfits
- The Nazi Party:
1. was violently nationalistic
2. was anti-Semitic (anti-Jew)
3. Hated the democratic Weimer Republic
4. talked of the Volk (German common people) superiority
Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
- Hitler and the Nazis tried to take over the German Gov’t
- Failed miserably
- Hitler was arrested for treason
- Got five years but only served 9 months
- While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
- Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
1. Aryans were the superior race
- Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
- No interbreeding
2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
- Hated Jews, inferior race
- Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and
Communism
3. Hated democracy
- Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and
Discipline
4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles
5. Re-unite German speaking peoples
- Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
6. Lebensraum
- “Living space” in Russia for the German People
- Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
- January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
- Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
Holocaust- 6 million Jews were killed
Gypsies- 500,000 to 1.5 million dead, Poles- 2.5 million dead, Homosexuals- 5 to 15,000 dead, Jehovahs Witnesses 2500 to 5000 dead.
Kristallnacht- Night of the broken glass
91 jews died in the attack.
1938 Nazis take controll of Jewish businesses.
1940 Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
1941 Jews are forced into ghettos
1942 Hitler announces final solution kill all European jews
Camps- Auschwitz, Treblinka, Belzec Sobibor
1943 Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto get a resist
1944 Hitler takes over Hungary
1945 Hitler is defeated and the war ends in Europe. The Holocaust is over and the camps are emptied.
1947 The U.S. establishes a Jewish homeland Israel.
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