- Roanoke
- March 25, 1584, Queen Elizabeth I granted Sir Walter Raleigh a charter to go settle in NA
- Established in 1585
- It is a colony that was funded and set up by London, Co.
- Mother country is England
- First English Colony
- Key Players
- Sir Walter Raleigh
- Writer, poet, soldier, and explorer
- Married a lady-in-waiting (assistant) to Queen Elizabeth I
- When back in England, the King had him locked up under suspicion of conspiracy to kill the King
- He then was released, and set out to find the “City of Gold”
- He was later imprisoned again but this time he was executed
- Raleigh NC was named after him
- One of the biggest tobacco producers in the USA, part of “Tobacco Road”
- Virginia Dare
- First child born in America to English parents
- Granddaughter to John White
- John White
- English artist
- Known for being the 1st governor of Roanoke
- Went back to England to resupply for the Roanoke settlement and when he returned all that was left was the word “Cro” probably for the work Croaton which was and Indian tribe
- The house were disassembled so it is very unlikely that they left quickly or forced to leave
- Sir Walter Raleigh
- Interesting Facts
- Known as the “lost colony”
- How they may have died out
- Captured by Indian tribes (most likely)
- Lost at sea
- Spanish-conquistadors killed them
- Dare Stones
- Virginia Stone’s mother wrote stories on how they would die
- Virginia Pars Map
- Map that supposedly shows that there was a hidden fort where the citizens would retreat to.
- Jamestown
- First permanent English colony
- Established by Virginia Company of London
- Jamestown is located in current day Virginia
- Mother country is England
- Established as a fort in 1607, as a town in 1619
- Key Players
- Captain John Smith
- Did a decent job at communicating with the Native even though it almost cost him his life, Pocahontas saved him
- He was forced to return back to England after an explosion.
- The next guy to come to take leadership was George Percy
- Pocahontas
- Daughter of the Powhatan
- Married John Rolfe, not John Smith
- Did however save John Smith from being killed by her father
- Moved back to England with her husband
- This was done to show that she could be a civilized Indian
- She died a year later form unknown causes, she was only 22 or 23.
- Chief Opchanacanough
- Uncle of Pocahontas
- His name meant “He whose soul is white”
- Lead a massacre in 1622 to rid his world of the white man
- The raid killed 1/3 of the settlers of Jamestown
- Was captured in 1646, and later shot in the back by a guard
- He was 92 years old when he died
- Captain John Smith
- Jamestown Ugly Winter
- The winter of 1609-1610 was known as the “starving time”
- Over 80% of the colony died
- Most tried cannibalism to stay alive, one man even killed his own wife in her sleep and ate her.
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- First known rebellion where the colonist took part in present day USA
- “Declaration of the People of Virginia.” The declaration criticized Berkeley’s administration in detail. It accused him of high positions, and failing to protect frontier settlers from the Indian attack
- Bacon went out and got the Occaneechi Indian tribe to go fight the Susquehanock tribe and when the Occ. Left then he murdered their men, women, and children
- He would continue to wage war with the Indian tribes in the area
- He was upset that Berkeley still hadn’t stepped down from his position of power and started targeting him and his followers
- Eventually Berkeley fled and then Bacon burned down the city of Jamestown
- Bacon later died of dysentery before England could send forces to punish him
- Lasting effects of the Rebellion
- Many of Bacon’s followers went back to England
- 23 of Bacon’s followers that stayed were publically hanged
- Charles the II then relieved Berkeley of his duties because he was upset that he had killed more men than he did for the killing of his father
- Plymouth Rock Colony
- Founded in 1620
- Located in the Southeast part of Massachusetts around Cape Cod
- 2nd permanent site of an English colony in present day USA
- The London Co. funded this expedition, so the mother country is indeed England
- The two ships that sailed over to USA were the Mayflower and Speedwell
- Around 90 people on the Mayflower and 30 on the Speedwell
- Variety of people made the journey: indentured servants, Puritans, and Separatists
- This area in the land is also considered to be New England
- Mayflower Compact was their document for the intent of which was to establish a means of governing the colony
- The colony/settlement also suffered a terrible first winter as well
- Lost over 40% of the settlers
- Issues were that they were not able to build the houses by winter, so many had to continue to stay on the ships
- Myles Standish
- An English military officer who was hired by the Pilgrims as a military advisor
- He was elected to the office of commander by the Plymouth Colony militia
- Known for his attacks in the Nemasket raid and the Wessagusset massacre
- Known for his courage when fighting against the Native Americans, but also his brutality
- Tisquiantum
- AKA Squanto
- A Native American who helped the settlers out after their first winter in the New World
- In 1614, he was captured by Thomas Hunt, a lieutenant of John Smith and sold in slavery
- He then was able to convince the English to send him back home, and they allowed this and he was able to learn a lot of English during this time
- Known for helping the Pilgrims in their first Thanksgiving
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