Today we discussed the research we found out about our topics.
Peal Harbor- Info
Causes of WW11
Treaty of Versailles
Great Depression
Hitler's action
Mussolini's action
Failure of the League of Nations
Policy of Appeasement
Hitler's invasion of Poland
Rise of nationalism
Asia- Great Depression
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
US- Quit trading with Japan
Tough policies towards Japan in Fall 1941
Pearl Harbor atttack
Effects- Cold war started
North Africa Campaign
Took place in North American from June,1940 to May, 1943
Took place in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts also in Morocco, Algeria and ended in Tunisia
The campaign was fought between the Allies (GB, France,US) and Axis powers (Germany, Afrika Corps, Italy, Vichy French)
The area was in conflict due to colonial interests dating back to the late 1800's
The US began direct military assistance in North Africa in May, 1942
Operation Torch- US, British and Free French invading North Africa
Bernard Montgomery- British general.
George Patton- US general.
Casablanca Conference- January 1942
"Unconditional Surrender"
Decided where they should invade next.. Africa into Italy then France
Operation Husky- Invasion of Sicily
Operation Avalanche- Invasion of Italy
Japan Surrendered a few days after Nagasaki
VJ- Day
- Victory of Japan Day
- Officially ending world war 2
- August 15
Dwight Eisenhower- general incharge of the D-Day invasion. very powerful in ww2
Sicily only lasted a couple of weeks, was very quickly taken... Mussolini lost power
Italy surrendered fairly quickly. Even though several groups throughout Italy remained faithful to Mussolini and what he believed in.
Tuskegee Institute/Airmen- all black unit of airmen that did very well during bombing raids - US
D-Day
US war in Europe
D-day invasion prep and the effect june 6th 1944 all the way up until victory in europe and the major battles all the way to may 1945
Zach/Oracio
the battle of normandy lasted from june 1944 to august 1944. it resulted in the allied liberation of western europe from germany’s control.
the battle of the Bulge(1945). the last german offensive on western front begins. hitler has 250,000 troops across luxembourg to push the allied forces. german troops push 50 miles into the allied lines. creating a deadly “bulge” into the allied defence.
the malmedy massacre took place in belgium. 80 american prisoners of the war were murdered by german captors. it was committed on december 17, 1944 by members of kampfgruppe peiper.
Kali:( http://www.army.mil/d-day/ )
D-day invasion/prep/ and the effect.
June 6th 1944
160,000 allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily fortified coastline.
this was to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France
Led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower he called the operation a crusade.
“We will accept nothing less than full victory.”-Eisenhower
more than 5,000 ships and 13,000 aircraft supported the D-Day invasion.
By days end the allies gained a foothold in Normandy.
more than 9,00 allied soldiers were killed or wounded.
More than 100,00 soldiers began the march across Europe to defeat Hitler.
June 5th 1944 the night before D-Day (http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/allies-prepare-for-d-day)
Was delayed many times since May
June 5th Dwight decided that on the 6th they would set out because the Germans would be expecting another delay because of the weather.
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was certain that it could not be pulled off
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was debating tactics with Field Marshal Karl Runstedt.
Runstedt was convinced that the Allies would come in at the narrowest point of the Channel, between Calais and Dieppe
Rommel began constructing underwater obstacles and minefields.
He set off for Germany to demand from Hitler personally more panzer divisions in the sea.
Bad weather and an order to conserve fuel grounded much of the German air force
In order to deceive the Germans phony operations were run...One dummy parachute drop succeeded in drawing an entire German infantry regiment away from its position.
This was 6 miles from the actual Normandy landing beaches.
This effort was to scatter the German Defenses and make way for operation overlord, the allied invasion of Normandy.
Keenan: Victory in Europe Day
People flooded time square in celebration
took US five days to capture the beaches
Battle of the Bulge
- Hitler wanted to get to the English channel so he could split the allied forces
- Well over 1 million man
- The Malmedy Massacre- 86 american soldiers were murdered
V-E Day
Victory in Europe Day- May 8, 1945
Japan in WW2- post pearl harbor
Christian-
General Information:
Started December 8, 1941
We stopped selling iron ore, steel and oil to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina. We also wouldn’t agree to any of their attempts to get us to trade with them again. They saw this as an act of aggression.
We went to war with them because they attacked Pearl Harbor.
Major Generals:
Douglas MacArthur (US Army General)
He was ordered to exercise authority through the Japan government, including Emperor Hirohito.
His headquarters was located in the Dai Ichi Life Insurance Building in Tokyo.
Him and his staff helped Japan rebuild itself, institute democratic government, and chart a new course that made Japan one of the world’s leading industrial powers.
Chester Nimitz (Commander in Chief of The Navy)
Ten days after the attack on Pearl Harbor he was selected as Commander in Chief.
He took command in a ceremony on the top deck of the submarine USS Grayling. The change of command ceremony would normally have taken place aboard a battleship, but every battleship in Pearl Harbor had been either sunk or damaged during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
He successfully organized his forces to halt the Japanese advance despite the losses from the attack on Pearl Harbor and the shortage of ships, planes and supplies.
VJ-Day:
Victory over Japan Day is the name chosen for the day on which Japan surrendered.
The document was signed on September 2, 1945 officially ending WWII.
A formal surrender ceremony was performed in Tokyo Bay, Japan on the battleship USS Missouri.
August 15 is commemorated as Liberation Day in Korea.
Jake-
Major Battles:
Iwo Jima-
American victory, famous for the marines raising the flag
February 19th- March 26th
Goal was to capture the entire island including its 3 airfields and mountains
Okinawa-
82 day long battle
Largest amphibious assault
Was needed for a large air base due to it being so close to the japanese mainland
Midway-
Navajo Code Talkers
- They talked in their own language so nobody could intercept and decipher the message
Christian-
General Information:
Started December 8, 1941
We stopped selling iron ore, steel and oil to Japan, denying it the raw materials needed to continue its activities in China and French Indochina. We also wouldn’t agree to any of their attempts to get us to trade with them again. They saw this as an act of aggression.
We went to war with them because they attacked Pearl Harbor.
Major Generals:
Douglas MacArthur (US Army General)
He was ordered to exercise authority through the Japan government, including Emperor Hirohito.
His headquarters was located in the Dai Ichi Life Insurance Building in Tokyo.
Him and his staff helped Japan rebuild itself, institute democratic government, and chart a new course that made Japan one of the world’s leading industrial powers.
Chester Nimitz (Commander in Chief of The Navy)
Ten days after the attack on Pearl Harbor he was selected as Commander in Chief.
He took command in a ceremony on the top deck of the submarine USS Grayling. The change of command ceremony would normally have taken place aboard a battleship, but every battleship in Pearl Harbor had been either sunk or damaged during the attack on Pearl Harbor.
He successfully organized his forces to halt the Japanese advance despite the losses from the attack on Pearl Harbor and the shortage of ships, planes and supplies.
VJ-Day:
Victory over Japan Day is the name chosen for the day on which Japan surrendered.
The document was signed on September 2, 1945 officially ending WWII.
A formal surrender ceremony was performed in Tokyo Bay, Japan on the battleship USS Missouri.
August 15 is commemorated as Liberation Day in Korea.
Jake-
Major Battles:
Iwo Jima-
American victory, famous for the marines raising the flag
February 19th- March 26th
Goal was to capture the entire island including its 3 airfields and mountains
Okinawa-
82 day long battle
Largest amphibious assault
Was needed for a large air base due to it being so close to the japanese mainland
Midway- Major turning point, Japan was never the same after that
One of the most important naval battles
June 4th-7th
Only 6 months after pearl harbor and one month after Coral Sea
The japanese plan failed due to american codebreakers decrypting japanese codes and finding the location and time of japan's planned attack
Coral sea- Minor turning point in the war- Kind of a victory for us
May 4th-8th
Naval and Aerial Battles
First action in which Aircraft Carriers engaged each other
Japan won in terms of sinking ships but the allies won overall
5. Retaking the Philippians 2 years after we lost it
Atomic Bombs:
Hiroshima- Primary target for the first atomic bombing on august 6th
Nagasaka- The second target for the bombings on august 9th
Elias-
Navajo Code talkers:
The US needed a code that couldn't be decoded by the japanese so they recruited Navajo indians to use their language as part of the new code
US war plans (Island Hopping):
Island hopping (also called leapfrogging) was a strategy by which the american forces, instead of attacking heavily fortified japanese positions they instead focused on more strategically important positions that were not as well defended but still capable of being a launch point for the main island of japan.
Doolittle's Raid:
Planned by Lieutenant James “Jimmy” Doolittle the Doolittle raid (also called the Tokyo Raid) was the air raid of Tokyo, Japan that was intended to raise American moral while also decreasing enemy moral.The plan called for them to bomb military targets in Japan, and to continue westward to land in China. All but 3 of the crews survived.
Sara-Rationing
Healthcare
rationing limited supply of iron lungs for people with polio
dialysis machines were rationed for patients with kidney failures
Credit
banks couldn’t hand out as many loans
changed the price of loans (interest rate)
Other things
Gas
Oil
Clothes
Rubber
Metal
Food- a lot of food was sent over to the troops. Every American was issued a ration book to distribute food, once their stamps were gone, they couldn’t buy any more of that food for the rest of that month.
Sara- Manhattan Project
What was it?
project that made the first atomic bomb during WW2
led by the US but had help from United Kingdom and Canada
Employed more than 130,000 people
Cost the US 2 billion (26 billion in 2014 dollars)
Research and production was in more than 30 places throughout US, UK, and Canada
Two types of atomic bombs
Abby- Propaganda
US made posters and ads about the american allies being better than the enemies
increased support for the war
People made more victory gardens and helped out more
Comic books, animations, cartoons
Rationing was one of the largest themes for propaganda
war bonds
How the government paid for military and war
You paid less than it was really cost
Later you would get paid back
Abby-Hollywood and sport's role in WWII
Hollywood
made films about the war
became popular on TV
people watched the films for a connection with the war
Sports
Football players stopped to fight
Many players died or were injured
Losing manhood
FDR said that sports need to go on during war
Abby - Office of Censorship
was an emergency war agency
used with communication in the US
set up on dec. 19th 1941
limited information on:
presidential travel
weather
military updates
Savannah - What happened to Asian/Japanese Americans?
Executive order 9066 - Removed Japanese from their communities
120,000 Japanese Americans were sent to “relocation camps”
127,000 Japanese lived in America (mostly on the westcoast.)
10 camps in remote areas of California, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Texas, and Arkansas
facilities were fenced with barbed wire and guarded by armed soldiers.
families worked, studied, and lived their lives in the barracks
camps housed approximately 8,000 people, functioned as communities.
government provided medical care, schools, and food, and adults had camp jobs - in food service, agriculture, medical clinics, as teachers, other jobs required for daily life.
1944- shutting down the camps. by 1946 all Japanese had been released to rebuild their lives.
Savannah - Things people did to help the war
6.5 million females entered the workforce during the war
African Americans continued the Great Migration north, filling factory jobs.
teenagers pitched in to fill the demand for new labor.
Americans were issued books of stamps for key items such as gasoline, sugar, meat, butter, canned foods, fuel oil, shoes, and rubber.
Courtnee- Women
Families were being split up
They had to do jobs men used to do like work in factories and steel mills.
Had to work outside of the house for the first time.
350,000 women served in the armed forces to help out.
Many volunteered as nurses, members of home defense units, or as a full time member of the military.
Mothers and the older sisters would work in factories.
Courtnee- Young People
Young mothers with young kids were evacuated from cities that were considered to be a danger.
Have the younger children sleep in shelters to protect them from bombings.
Had to get jobs younger to help out their family
Many children left school to get jobs or go into the military.
Why did we win WW2?
Industrial production was huge
Women
Atomic bombs/better technology/airplanes/machine guns
Great and more allies
Resources
Numbers of people
Leaders/president
Troops
Navaho co talkers.. Ultra- breaking German code. Magic- breaking Japan code.
Hitler(invading Soviet Union, declaring war on US) and Japanese mistakes(invading China, attacking us at Pearl Harbor)
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