March 24- We went over the forum post leaders' stories. Next test will look like the last one. No retakes! We took some notes. Bruns showed us a song. He's probably going to make us sing it for the test.
March 25- Reminder to do forum posts and put projects on website. Finished Pearl Harbor notes. Started North Africa notes.
March 26- Started right away with North Africa notes. Started D-Day notes. Tomorrow we will watch a part of Saving Private Ryan
March 27- We watched the first part of Saving Private Ryan. Started Pacific war notes
March 28- New forum post leaders Finished Pacific war notes
March 31- Talked about stuff... i was spacing out a little new forum post leaders talked about their forum posts
April 1- finished with homefront notes
April 2- took notes from Lydia's notes
Pearl Harbor- Document
The Date: December 7th, 1941
Why did Japan attack us? Felt there was no other option
What did the US do in response? Declared war
What happened? Japan Admiral Yamomoto master minded the plan to attack Pearl Harbor If they were to have any success against US, they had to attack by surprise. Had to show them they were not to be messed with. If they struck hard enough, they would trade oil with them again. Japan attacked early on a Sunday morning. If a military base was going to be relaxed, it would be on a Sunday morning. Planned three attacks but only carried out two waves. Ships were close together, feared sabotage from the Japanese Americans in Hawaii. Japan had to do this in surprise to attack us. Couldn't be seen or heard. Radio silence. Aircraft carriers carried the planes for Japan. Japan did not get our three aircraft carriers: they were out to sea that day.
Japan three options: withdraw troops, negotiate, or attack
Back door to war conspiracy- FDR wanted war they wanted to help GB but the public didn't want a war Conspiracy- push Japan into a corner, stop trading oil, we refused their peace treaty FDR wanted them to attack us FDR would not accept any deal with them, forcing them to attack us
North Africa: Document
Where? Liberia, Nigeria, Egypt, Casablanca
Began in June, 1940 Three stages: 1. Western Desert 2. Operation Torch 3. Tunisia
Western Desert Campaign
Began in Egypt
Germany and Italy ordered to invaded British forces
Italy had many problems
People were captured
Not doing what was ordered by Mussolini
Operation Torch
November 8th - 11th, 1942
America and Britain took over Oran and Morocco
Vichy (bad) French tried to fight, but didn't last long
Tunisian Campaign
Allies had a small group advance to Tunisia
Axis had many more groups on the ground and pushed Allies out
During the winter not much fighting took place as the armies built power and waited for better weather
In March, war continued
Axis fought hard, but lost many troops
Fought for a few months
Over 275,000 people were taken as POW
Military was greatly reduced, lost all Italian colonies in Africa
Mediterranean Battles: Operation Husky- invasion of Sicily Italian Island
Operation Avalanche- Invasion of Italy took 7 months to get to there invaded Rome D-Day was two days later Fighting in Italy would take place for a couple years, for the rest of the war Large amount of Americans fought in Italy September 1943
Tuskegee Institute/Airmen: African-Americans who worked dirty jobs went they got their first mission, they performed better than the white men.
The Desert Fox- Erwin Rommel: Hitler's favorite fought in WWI Never joined Nazi party Was in Africa Leader of African troops possibly in plot to kill Hitler forced to commit suicide Kill yourself, or we will kill you, your family, and your staff
Smiling Al- Albert Kesselring: Operation of Barbarossa served in WWI commanded all German troops in the Mediterranean Strongly disliked by Italy
*Monty- Bernard Montgomery: British fought in WWI in Africa/ Europe
*George Patton: Was in Olympics Planned Operation Torch respected but not liked Very aggressive died in a car accident in Germany after WWII fought in WWI North Africa/Europe
*Dwight Eisenhower: General
D-Day: Document
Operation Overlord Normandy Beach- Started at 6:30 Tuesday June 6th, 1944 beach divided into five landing areas fought with Canada, British Utah- US Omaha- British Juno- Canadian Sword- British We didn't have any cover we were supposed to have tanks but they sank Rainy weather Commander of D-Day- Dwight Eisenhower Nothing went perfect paratroopers went in the night before but weren't in their spots Everything went to heck We were successful Ducks- went on sea and land Supposed to be a day earlier but the weather was crappy We sent out misinformation The D stands for day beginning of the end for Germany By June 11th we had beach heads secured
Atlantic Wall: protected France pills, stopped tanks, big machine guns
Battle of the Bugle: Reason: Hitler wanted eastern front so he decided western front battle of surprise secretive moved at night weather stopped our air force Hitler's last major huge offensive Hitler wanted to push to the sea worse battle for US because of loss of life 81,000 casualties
Strategic Bombing: bombed airfields, ships, railroads, factories
VE-Day: Victory in Europe day May 8th, 1945 Hitler committed suicide April 30th Nazis unconditional surrender marked the end of the war with Germany celebrated throughout Europe and the United States
War in the Pacific: Document
Dec. 7th- not just Pearl Harbor, Hong Kong, Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Midway Island, Malaysia
Island Hopping: strategy used in Pacific expensive hit the biggest islands, the ones with airstrips and air bases
Doolittle's Raid: April '42 Major air raid Commander was Doolittle (US) We attacked Japan four months after Pearl Harbor bombing crash landed in China Big problem was trying to get bombers to take off of airship carriers Militarily stupid, but gave us morale, something to look happy about
Philippines: Japan takes over Philippines in 1942 Douglas MacArthur left the Philippines vowed to return 1944 Americans won when we came back took place during US invasion of Marina island part naval battle kamikazes- suicide pilots they did damage but didn't turn around the war tide only did it at the end of the war
MacArthur's Return to the Philippines: September 19th, 1944 1st take, didn't like it, got back on ship, came back off
Battle of Coral Sea: May 1942 month after Doolittle's raid major naval battle between US and Japan US won Japan also thought they won 656 killed first time Japan didn't win with numbers, they won by holding off the Japanese in Coral Sea, they would not take over Australia first turning point for the war
Battle of Midway: June 1942 major turning point in war most important naval battles because it had a runway we wanted it for the airstrips to take off from to bomb Japan and other islands Japan controlled the closer to Japan, the easier it would be to beat up on Japan We knew what Japan was doing-broke their code knew where they would be, met them there, they were caught by surprise. After Midway, they didn't have many victories
Navajo Code Talkers: Native Navajos their language had never been written down US marines recruited Navajos Navajo code, not language made it harder Navajo soldier, not code, was captured, but he couldn't decipher it because it was different US Navy and Army was cracked but not the marines no one knew about them until the 1970's it was a secret project
Guadalcanal: first offensive against the Japanese Solomon Islands
Iwo Jima: February-March 1945 US fought for capture of Iwo Jima It had an airstrip Americans won first piece of Japanese homeland that was attacked every island was an amphibious attack Japans weren't firing first they were dug in and waited for all of us to be on the land 6,821 deaths at Iwo Jima two flag raisings first flag a top guy couldn't see it so he ordered the second flag to be raised
Okinawa: April-June 1945 largest amphibious attack Japanese surrendered two months after our victory. Japan is fighting tougher than ever bombing Japan daily not just Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic Bombs: instead of invading Japan and costing American lives Hiroshima was a military base August 6th, 1945 2/3 of city destroyed code name Little Boy uranium bomb Kokuro was next target, weapon arsenal, thick clouds covered the city so they went to Nagasaki August 9th, 1945 less destroyed but as much lives lost missed their target dropped in mountains Nagasaki- Fat Man plutonium Paul Tibbits was Hiroshima bomber
V-J Day: August 14/15 1945(UK) September 2, 1945 (US)
Homefront: Document
Manhattan Project: Studies by college students Supported UK and Canada On July 16th, 1945 the first atomic bomb was tested about 2 billion dollars to support this project In New Mexico blinding flash seen up to 200 miles away dropped from a tower, not a plane 1939-1945
Japanese Americans: in 1942-1944 anyone of Japanese ancestry were placed in a camp after Pearl Harbor conditions were bad families were separated some died from not having attention and getting in fights with guards kids went to school adults worked for 5 dollars a day not slaves 10 camps in 7 states rationed food
Women and Kids: Women took over men's jobs Rosie the Riveter- concern that they still wanted to look feminine even with muscles teens would get married before the guy went off to war kids sold war bonds lots of women volunteered to be nurses some disguised themselves as men and went to war women could not fight but every branch had a woman's group Navy- WAVES desk type jobs in the Navy Women's Army Corps WASP Women's Air Service
Propaganda: Rosie the Riveter Uncle Sam I want you for the army poster Dec. 7th, helped with propaganda put kids on posters because they were cute and everyone loves kids tried to get people to do their part through movies, radio, flyers, posters
Rationing Food: they had to split food up to keep everyone fed gave more food to be sent to the troops don't buy from the black market only got stamps once a month couldn't legally give stamps away to people
Mass (War) Production: Women worked in factories we had the ability to mass produce we were at the top of producing everything for the war we supplied the allies with 80,000 tanks penicillin was mass produced blood plasma was created
War Bonds: War bonds are an investment 85 million Americans purchases bonds totaling 185 million
Hollywood: propaganda movies tried to promote our cause comedies made fun of Hitler and Japanese Bob Hope- actor comedian USO tours organize entertainers for the people in a war
Holocaust: Document
Mainly Hitler killing groups of people Final solution: destroy everyone Genocide: killing certain groups of people systematic 2/3 of Jews were killed
Russians and Ghettos: In June 1942 German attack on Russia 3 million soldiers there were many Jews in Russia ghetto- place where Jews had to live from the ghettos in 1942, they transported the Jews to death camps
Homosexuals: Not many people knew they were a target Nazis wanted to reeducate them not kill them belief that homosexuality was a disease mainly focused on the men they were in prison estimated 100 thousand men
Twins: were constantly searched for in the camps medic tests on them saw if one twin was hurt if the other felt it twins had more freedom, more food, better food but they were tested on the kids could play and not do chores if the twins were really little, then the mother could accompany them 3,000 twins- only 200 survived massive amounts of blood were taken from the twins daily
3 million were Polish Jews 3 million were Polish Christians Hitler wanted to create a new religion People married to Jews had to chose between divorce or death camp with their spouse Roma (Gypsies)- roamers steal things in 1934 Jewish shops had to have the Star of David or Juden on their windows Jewish kids were taunted by their teachers and peers finally couldn't go to a German school camp doctors did some tests on Jews Around 11 million people were killed in the Holocaust: Jews (6 million) Gypsies (500,00-1.5 million) Soviet Slavs/POW's/Troops (16.5 million) Polish (2.5 million) Homosexuals (5-15 thousand) Dark skinned people
Lebensborn: blond hair blue eyed women mating with blond hair blue eyed men only were there if you were fit Aryan population grew from this some people thought this was rape tried to set up many breeding grounds
First Concentration Camp- 1933
Nuremburg Laws- 1935 Took away German citizenship from Jews, became second class citizens no rights no citizens property of Germany three of four Jewish grandparents, you were Jewish eventually one Jewish grandparent made you Jewish Jews could only marry Jews no killing yet
Kristallnacht-1938 "Night of Broken Glass" Nazis destroy Jewish shops and synagogues wasn't aimed at killing Jews 26,000 Jews were rounded up and taken to concentration camps which weren't death camps yet
1938- All Jewish children are expelled from schools Nazis take control of Jewish shops and businesses
1939 was when Hitler started killing the mentally and physically disabled
1940 was when Hitler started sending Jews to Poland and forced them into ghettos and took away the rights
1941 was when Hitler had more movement into the ghettos and the largest single massacre and had death camps made and started killing
1942 was when Hitler got the idea for the final solution being gas chambers and working the people to death and starving them. Ghettos were emptied and the people were forced into death camps
1943 was when there was a very large Warsaw ghetto resist as the Nazis started the death camp transportation. They were immediately killed although
1944 was when Hitler conquered Hungary and started sending Hungarian Jews to death camps
1945 was when Hitler committed suicide, the war ended, death camps were liberated, the survivors were placed into displaced persons camps to be cured until they found a country willing to accept them
1947 was when Israel was set up
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