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Monday, March 10th-Thursday, March 13th

Posted by 6Levi on March 10, 2014 at 1:30pm
  1. Treaty of Versailles
    1. What was it?
      1. Meant to punish Germany for WWI
    2. Major Points
      1. Territorial
        1. Alsace-Lorraine (given to France), Eupen and Malmedy (given to Belgium), Northern Schleswig (given to Denmark), West Prussia, Posen, and Upper Silesia (given to Poland). League of Nations took control of Germany's overseas colonies
      2. Military
        1. Army size reduced to 100,000 men, very small navy, no air-force, no tanks, DMZ was put in place between France and Germany... Called Rhineland-No German soldier or weapon was allowed into this zone
      3. Financial
        1. Loss of resources in lost territory was a huge blow to their economy. Germany had to pay 33 Billion to the Allies (GB/France). Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria to form one superstate
      4. General
        1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war- "War Guilt Clause". Had to pay 33 Billion to Allies. League of Nations was set up to keep world peace
    3. Result
      1. New Countries
        1. Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland (from Russia), Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia (from Austria-Hungary and Germany)
      2. German Reaction
        1. Anger throughout Germany, Treaty known as a Diktat (it was forced on German people), German representatives had not choice as Germany was incapable of restarting the war
      3. Allied Reaction
        1. At first Great Britain, US, and France seemed to agree with it, US never signed the Treaty of Versailles, Wilson thought joining the League of Nations would keep us out of European wars and Congress thought the opposite. 
  2. Peace attempts of the 1920s/30s
    1. Kellog-Briand Pact
      1. Outlawed War-several countries signed it. Ultimately the pact didn't live up to ending all war. It was broke in 1931 when Japan invaded Manchuria
    2. Washington Naval Conference
      1. League of Nations
        1. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, called countries to discuss things rather than fighting about them, if countries failed to come to a conclusion a committee was elected to discuss it
      2. 4 Power Pact
        1. Signed by U.S., France, Britain, and Japan
        2. Agreed to consult in case of further crisis in East Asia before taking action
        3. Ensured conflict would not result
      3. 5 Power Pact
        1. Signed by U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France and Italy
        2. Made a set ratio of warship tonnage
        3. Did not restrict cruisers, air-craft carriers and subs. As a result countries built up that part of their Navy
      4. 9 Power Pact
        1. Signed by U.S., Britain, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, Manchuria/China
        2. Guaranteed Chinese Independence and upheld the Open Door Policy
        3. Made sure China wouldn't have land taken away because of Japanese Expansion
  3. Organizations
    1. WILPF
      1. Supported Kellogg-Briand Pact
      2. Worked with women of other nations
      3. Actively tried to outlaw war
      4. Worked for neutrality during wars
    2. Women's Peace Party
      1. Formed January 1915
      2. Tried to get nations at peace with each other
      3. Worked for neutrality during wars
      4. Mediated between countries
    3. War Resister's International
      1. Didn't support any kind of war
      2. Wanted removal of all war causes
    4. PPU (Peace Pledge Union)
      1. British pacifist organization
      2. Started to prove men supported peace movement also
      3. Started by Dick Shepard
      4. In 1935, 135,000 men sent postcards to never support war
      5. Men, women, any race, any political view
      6. Signed pledge to join
  4. Germany's (Hitler's) defiance of the Treaty of Versailles and conquests prior to the invasion of Poland, 1933-1939
    1. Dropped out of the league of nations
    2. Built up Military
    3. Along with Mussolini, helped Spanish Facist leader Francisco Franco win the Spanish Civil War
    4. Allied with Mussolini and eventually Japan
    5. Takes over all of Czechoslovakia-March 1939
    6. Signed the Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact
    7. Munich Conference
      1. Involved Neville Chamberlain-GB, Adolf Hitler-Germany, Benito Mussolini-Italy, and Edouard Daladier-France
      2. Hitler wanted control of the Sudetenland
      3. Hitler was given control of the Sudetenland
      4. People believed this was "peace for our time", they gave into Hitler and believed they had avoided war
  5. Italy's (Mussolini's) conquests of the 1930s
    1. The 1929 treaty included a legal provision whereby the Italian government would protect the honor and dignity of the Pope by prosecuting offenders. In 1927, Mussolini was re-baptized by a Roman Catholic priest. After 1929, Mussolini with his anti-communist doctrines convinced many Catholics to actively support him
    2. Greece tried to take over but most of the soldiers died called the Battle of Greece... First successful campaign against the Axis powers in WWII
    3. They pulled out of those countries because there was poor military leadership and lack of fuel
    4. Was extremely dominated by the Germans and eventually became a German Satellite where Mussolini controlled everyone
    5. Ethiopians fought against Italy's modernized army, bomber planes, and poison gas. Ethiopia didn't stand a chance and were occupied by Italy but it did not last
    6. In 1939, Italy invaded Albania and was successful in capturing it
  6. Japanese conquests prior to Pearl Harbor
    1. Conquests
      1. Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
        1. Unity of East Asian people and countries
        2. Many Asian countries had been under foreign rule (French, British) claimed it was necessary to liberate these nations
        3. Many sided with Japanese invaders-Influenced by years of propaganda ("An Asia for Asians")
    2. Invasions
      1. China Invasion
        1. Invaded as a result of Great Depression, lack of resources, loss of jobs, and China would not export their resources to Japan
      2. Japan in Manchuria (1931)
        1. Manchuria was a chinese province, claimed they were liberating Manchurian people, attacked by japan for their supplies (mostly oil), left the league of nations
      3. Japan in Soviet Union (1938)
        1. Battle of Lake Kasan
        2. Japan though Soviet Union's boundaries weren't right, Treaty of peking, Armistice made also known as neutrality act
    3. Crimes
      1. Mass Murder, Rape, and Looting
        1. Chinese capital
        2. Known as Nanking Massacre
        3. Done to Chinese civilians by Imperial Japanese Army
        4. Estimated 200,000-300,000 death toll
      2. Other
        1. Lasted 6 weeks... Started December 13th, 1937
        2. Several Key Perpetrators were charged with war crimes
    4. U.S. Response
      1. Stopped imports of Japan's oil, routine checks from pacific fleet, threatening Japan, led to attack of pearl harbor
  7. US attempts of neutrality in the 1930s and early 1940s
    1. Neutrality Act of 1935
      1. Stopped trading with Countries at War
    2. Neutrality Act of 1936
      1. Stopped lending money to Countries at War
      2. Closed loopholes of previous Neutrality Act
    3. Neutrality Act of 1937
      1. Cash and Carry System-Weapons not included
        1. Way for us to help Great Britain and France out, but not get our ships sunk by Germany and not have us give out loans that were never paid back
    4. Neutrality Act of 1939
      1. Cash and Carry System-Weapons included
    5. Lend-Lease of Military Aid
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