*Causes of World War I
-Militarism means the army and military are given a high profile by the government. Build up military. Ultimately started over disputes about land.
-Nationalism has 2 types. The first is the desire of common people's independence.
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-Nationalism- extreme pride in your country, patriotism. 1st type- desire of common people's independence. 2nd type- desire of independent nations wanting prestige and power.
-Austria-Hugary: multi-national dual monarchy, 11 major ethnic groups, many different languages, religions, customs, government hated nationalism, hated Serbia, "The Black Hand"- secret organization in Serbia whose goal it was to unite all Serbs by any means necessary.
-Alliances:
Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia (until 1917, because of Bolshevik Revolution), Italy, United States(starting in 1917), Serbia
Central Powers- Germany, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
-M.I.N.E.S. : M-militarism, I-imperialism, N-nationalism, E-economic competition, S-system of alliances
*The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Born in Austria. Brother was Prince, when he died, Ferdinand inherited throne. His wife wasn't of royal blood, was frowned upon.
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Wilson declared U.S. declared us to be neutral in 1914. "Impartial in thought as well as in thought." Successful for 3 years. U.S. became involved because we were extremely upset with both sides. Britain and Germany were stopping U.S. ships. We started favoring Allies. German was sinking ships and killing citizens.
...Some people talked about US Neutrality during the war. We were neutral, so we traded with all the countries that were in the war. Germany complained that we were trading more with England than with them, so they used the submarine tactics and sunk some of our ships. There were 3 international laws:
1. Neutral nations could trade with warring nations
2. Warring Nations could stop and cease goods on neutral ships
3. Warring Nations had to give warnings before sinking ships
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today we talked about trenches..you'd get shell shock which is kinda like you go a little crazy and you cant sleep and stuff. also you can get trench foot. your feet are always wet so they start like rotting NASTYYYY!!! so thats pretty gross. there is 3 types of trenches. front line, support and reserve. trenches are just like deep holes that they hid in to shoot ppl in no mans land..they just trailed for hundred of miles.. they slept ate and were helped when injured there. .. you were givencertain supplies if you were a trench guy..gas mask cuz they used mustard gas and chlorine to poison people. water, flare gun, trench club, bayonette(knife), rifle gernade, and time based hand gernade. flame throwers were used. machine guns(not mobile) pistols used(luger and colt) more on gas-with the wind not against or it'd come back and getcha. weapons of war. floating mines,zeppelins,tanks, u-boats, baron manifred richton was from russia called red baron shot down french and spanish planes. tested gas masks on puppies......LOTS of destruction.
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Zimmermann note: coded telegram sent by foreign secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann on January 16, 1917. Sent to German ambassador in the U.S. Bernstorff. British intercepted and decoded by British. Contents delivered to American Press on March 1, caused public outrage, and we declared war on Germany. Message contained information that said Germany would sink any ship. (unrestricted warfare) Wanted to make an alliance with Mexico, and they thought that this unrestricted submarine warfare would make England surrender. War Hawks- people that preached that we should go to war to protect our allies and interests. TR leading war hawk. Our trade with England increased, we became economically tied into the war.
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Other causes for U.S. involvement: Propaganda- tried to sway public opinion to want to go to war. Preparedness Program- 1915 started arming and preparing for war. American Business- munitions business pushed U.S. into war to make money. German declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare.
Lusitania- ship that Germany sank, killed dozens of Americans in 1915. By 1916, we're on the brink of war. Sussex pledge said Germany would end sinking of passenger ships, and would search merchant ships for contraband and make provisions for passengers and crews before sinking.
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American soldiers called doughboys. Homefront just as important as troops, because they supply them with everything they need. Food, clothes, medical supplies, guns, etc. War industries board- regulated U.S. industry. We had food and Germans were starving thanks to the Food Administration."Food will win the war." they wanted people to conserve food so we could send it to troops. victory gardens were planted. Committee on Public Information goal to influence U.S. public opinion to support WW1 in their own way .Huge propaganda, newsprint, posters, radio, telegraph, movies to broadcast message.. WWI payed for WWI with taxes(income taxes, started a couple years previous) and liberty loans(the ppl loaning money to the gov't) they'd send you a letter saying add up how much you own and subtract debt. then, figure 2% of that and use it as a liberty loans.
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Germany portrayed in propaganda as raping and killing women and children. U.S. payed for war with taxes and war bonds. National War Labor Bond: settled disputes between workers and employers, discouraged strikes, led by W.H. Taft. Casualties- 16.5 million dead. Armenian genocide in Turkey.
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National War Labor Bond- settled disputes between workers and employers, it discouraged strikes. Headed by Taft.
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deaths in WWI-117,000 and 16.5 million deaths in total of WWI. that 1.75% of the world. that was a lot a lot a lot. some lost as much as 17% of there population!!
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The Paris Peace Process.
What is the Paris Peace Process? its where the peace conference was held during WWI. It took place in Paris in 1919 and involved diplomats from 29 countries. The Peace of Paris Treaties reshaped the map of Europe and the world and punished Germany.
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Describe Wilson's 14 points-a speech deliverd by president wilson to congress. The address was intended to assure the country that WWI was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. Said that we were in the war to change the world and not to just take land from people. The other countries thought it was dumb that we were going to easy on Germany. The 14 points is what Wilson wanted treaty of versailles to be but what he wanted did not happen. The Treaty of Versailles ended up being big on punishing Germany. Europe got a lot more countries, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Finland, and Yugoslavia
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Describe the Treaty of Versailles in detail and the impact it had on Germany and Europe-GErmany lost a lot of territory. League of Nations took over colonies of Germany. France really wanted Germany to be punished. They wanted to hurt there army. Killed the German military. Franve got Rhineland, it was in Germany but the area wouldn't allow German soldiers or weapons. Sort of a safe zone between Germany and France. Financial-Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars for war damages, most of it went to Great Britain and France, but they used it to pay us back since they owed us. Germany had to take full responsibility for WWI. Since they took responsibility, they had to pay for reparations. (mostly went to france and belgium) wilson tried to pass the treaty of versailles he went around the US tryin to get people to pass it.
League of Nations-set up to keep world peace. The league of nations had 5 permanent members-Great Britain, France, Italy, US and Japan. There was 4 non permanent members that rotated. All members must submit disputes for investigation, arbitration, and settlement. If member nation ignored, league could take economic actions(no trading). France wanted an international army but US and GB didnt. Germany and Soviet Union werent allowed to join right away..US did not join right away. We didnt want a international army cuz we figured we'd constantly be at war.
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Describe why the US never ratified (passed) the Treaty of Versailles-
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