1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
- Mutual Defense Alliances (Central Powers and Allied Forces)
- Imperialism
-extending a country's power outside of the borders, taking over countries!
- Militarism
-principle or policy of maintaining a large military establishment
-Britain and Germany were trying to proove themselves; who's better?
- Nationalism
-strong supportere of rights and interests of one's country
-Slavic people in Bosnia wanted to be a part of Serbia instead of Austria-Hungary
- Assassination of Archduke Francz Ferdinand
-spark of war
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Before:
- Russia
- Serbia
- Germany and Australia-Hungary
- Britain and France and Belgium
- Japan and Britain
During:
Central Powers:
- Austria - Hungarian Empire
- German Empire
- Ottoman Empire
- Kingdom of Bulgaria
Allied Powers:
- Great Britain
- France
- United States
- Italy
- Russia
----
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Austria-Hungary
- control Serbia -assasination of Fraz Ferdinand
- gain control of Ottoman Empire (A-H and Russia had a desire for Empire)
- defend the border between Italy and A-H
- -Italy wanted A-H's territory
Great Britian
- maintain themsevles as a super power
- worried about German threat
- leading in economics and politics
- protect France being they were threatened by Germany & France
Germany
- Secure/maintain German unification
- Isolate France
- Aquire Colonies (control them, equal power to Europe)
Russia
- got out of war (lost to Germany)
- because they got out of war - led to them being Communists (Bulshivik Revolution)
France
- Avenge preivous military defeats - recapture
- Cripple German Idustrial Capacity - couldnt keep up
- diminish German industrial power -- lead
- Bceome the Dominant Continental Power; improve position in world; deafeat rivals
United States
- Safer for democracy
- Everyone should have freedom
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
- Battle of Verdum
- Battle of Marne
- Battle of Ypres
- Battle of Passchendaele
- Battle of the Lys
- The Advance of Flounders
- Battle of Somme
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
- Battle of Jutland (largest naval battle)
- Battle of Heligoland
- Battle of Corone
- Battle of Dogger Bank
- Battle of Falkland Island
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
- We declared neutrality - not taking sides!
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
- American business-pushed US into war
- German declaration of unlimited submarine warfare
- U.S. very upset with both sides in war (Great Britain and Germany were both sinking American ships)
- Kept getting closer to war and Allies
- Trade with England increased while Germany declined
- The Zimmermann Note
-coded telegram sent by Foreign secretary of German Empire; Aurthur Zimmerman in 1917
-Sent to German ambassador in US
-note was intercepted and decoded by British
-contents were given to American press
- Lusitania Sinking
- Bullets of War Hawks
(-German wanted to get Mexico to declare war on US
-Germany promised Mexico they would get Mexican Cession back if they won
-Germany wanted to keep the US out of Europe)
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
MINE
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
- needed to attack France quickly; didn't want them to have support
- Plans on taking over Germany with Plans G & 19.
Allies:
- France plan of attack for WW1: Plan 17
- Americans had to get millions of more men to be able to fight in the war!
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
- Bayonet - simple blade attached to rifle
- Flamethrower - fire spreading mechanism
- Poison Gas - caused coughing attacks
- Submarines/U-Boats - target merchant ships to stop allies from distributing supplies; sneak attacks
- Tanks - armored cars that have firing mechanisms attached to them
- machine guns - fired at faster rates and longer time
- zeppelins - blimp / airplane likes - used for spying
11. Describe trench warfare.
- Def: Battling between two opposing armies that are both entrenched.
- One third deaths came from this
- Died from surprise attacks
- Some died from sniper fire
- Died from disease: spread easily being all in the trench
- Rats were horrible
- Lice was a big problem
- Woke up in mornings to write letters; one would keep watch
- Smelled horrible
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
- US increased taxes
- Liberty bonds increased
- Women & children had gardens so that they could send to troops
- Saved food with the Lever Act
- Women started working in factories
- Women started wanting more rights / credit for taking over men's jobs
- African Americans also worked in factories
- African Americans also nursed the injured
- African Americans went to the north
- Women made ammunition in factories
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
What is it: proposition to end World War 1 and create peace postwar
- 1.open covenets; no more secrets; (secret deals)
- 2.can navigate freely on the seas; general peace, fighting with other nations, League of Nations remains neutral
- 3. Trying to eliminate barriers of trade; tariffs, etc
- 4.can't own too many weapons, lessen weapons
- 5. have to be neutral with all of the colonies;
- can't pick sides & need to listen to both side
- -Wilson was a big pusher of the countries all being independent
- 6. evacuate German troops out of Russian territory; Russia decided to form a government they wanted without any interference (determine own political set-up)
- 7. German troops need to evacuate Belgium; Belgium deserved to be independent like they were before war
- 8. France has taken Germany's control of the French territory; France is allowed to recover Alsase Lorraine (region in France)
- 9.All Italians should be allowed to live in Italy; readjust Italy's boundries to get land back
- 10. People who live in Austria-Hungary should have self-determination (all ethnic groups) (let people determine the future)
- 11. people in the Balkan states should be independent; must evacuate the General Poware of Serbia, Montenegro and Romania
- 12. Turkish people should be governed by Turkish government; non Turkish people should govern themselves
- 13. Poland should be independent; Should be able to access the sea
- 14. League of Nations is created to make independence to all states
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
- Forced Germany to give up the land they had & give it to other countries
- 13.5% of their territory
- Conference: The Big Four
- Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars -- put them into a huge depression
- Wanted to make sure never had to worry about Germany again
- Germany had War Guilt Clause thrown in their face - had to take responsibility for war; national insult
- League of Nations; spread peace...stop war
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
- Wilson was democrat; Republicans controlled Congress
- Wilson wanted to join League of Nations to stop future wars from happening
- Thought that we would be involved in war if we did join Leauge of Nations
- Harding won precidency which kept us out of Leauge of Nations
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
- Great Britain's Royal Navy blocked off Germany bt setting up a blockade in the North Sea
- ^Made it hard for Germany to get supplies in or out (main reason Germany lost)
- Storm Troopers plan - caused Germany many casulaties in war; couldn't keep up with numbers)
- United States contributed a lot of the economic role
- ^Traded more with the Allies than the Central
- ^Had a lot of resources to send over to our troops
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
- Illness; Spanish Flu
- Treaty of Versailles
- Casulaties; over millions of deaths for each country (besides U.S., Belgium, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Portugal)
- Costly
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
- Germany hated it; put them into a huge depression & Hilter undid everything it did
- United States didn't like that we were tricked into it & thought we were pulled into it
- Great Britain thought it was okay; middle man; forgive & forget
- France hated it & thought it was way too easy on Germany
- Italy hated it & thought they should have gotten more land
- Russia hated it - got a lot of land taken away
Comments