1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
*Mutual Defence Alliances (central powers and allied forces)
*Imperialism
*Militerism
*Nationalism
*Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
*Great Britian
*France
*United States
*Italy
*Russia
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
*Austria-Hungary: control Serbia, gain control of the Ottoman empire, defend the border between Italy and Austria-Hungary.
*Great Britian: maintain themselves as a superpower and a leading country, worried about the German threat, protect France both being threatened by Germany, France and Britian allianced together
*Germany: Secure/Maintain German Unification, Isolate France, Acquire Colonies
*Russia: Got out of the war, Bulshivik Revolution
*France: Avenge Previous Military Defeats, Cripple German Industrial Capacity, Become th Dominant Continental Power
*United States: Wilson (Safe for Democracy)
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
* Battle of Marne
* Battle of Ypres
* Battle of Passchendale
* Battle of Lys
* Battle of Peaks of Flanders
* Battle of Somme
* Battle of Cambrai
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
* Battle of Jutland
* Battle of Dogger Bank
* Battle of Heligoland
* Battle of Coronel
* Battle of Falkland Islands
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
* U.S. very upset with both sides of the war
* German sinking of British ships an killing U.S. citizens
* Eventually, U.S. drew closer to war and the Allies
* Trade with England rose, and German declined
* The Zimmermann Note
* Beliefs of War Hawks
* Trade with England increased, Germany decreased
* British and American Propaganda
* Preparednss Program (1915)
* American Business
* German declaration of "unlimited submarine warfare"
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?
*Second Battle of Marne
*Battle of Cantigny
*Battle of Belleauwood
*Battle Lehamel
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
* Schlieffen Plan
* Plan 17
* Plan G and 19
* AEF
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
* Bayonet- simple blade attached to the barrel of a rifle used in close combat situations
* Flamethrower- fire spreading mechanism first used by the Germans in the war
* Poison Gas- first used by the French and they were chloride filled which caused cough attacks for the opposing war
* Mustard Gas- created by the Germans, made blisters on the skin
* Gas Mask- used to overcome gas inhalation
* Submarines or U-boats- most commonly used by Germans in the first world war, used for sneak attacks, help target merchant ships of the allies to stop them from disturbing supplies
* Tanks- armored cars that have firing mechanisms attached to them used in WWI
* Machine Guns- weapons that were fired at a faster rate and for a longer time, worked better on an open front in trench warfare, problems were jamming
11. Describe trench warfare.
* Battling between two opposing armies that are both entrenched
* One third of deaths in the war occured in the trenches
* Some died from artillary fire which extremely bad because many men were taken out in one sweep
* Died from surprise attack
* Some died from sniper fire
* Another deadly killer was disease
* Trench fever happened a lot in the war and spread easily
* Rats were horrible in trenches
* Lice was a big problem in their clothes and hair
* This was the first war that soldiers started to shave their heads
* When no action occuring, soldiers would write letters to their families
* In the morning soldier got up for the "morning stand to"
* At dusk soldiers stayed up for hours in the night waiting for surprise attacks
* Some soldiers had the duty of going into mans land and repairing fences
* Two sided would agree to breakfast truce
* Smell in the trenches was horrible
* Smell came from rotting carcasses from animals and humans
12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.
* Woodrow Wilson depended on the Allied financial dependene as a weapon, so it could help him achieve the goals of his postwar diplomacy
* The Lever Act persuaded Americans to save food for the shipment over seas
* Woman and their children mad "war gardens" so they could contribute to the war
* Americans sent weapons, food and bullets and other materials to the French and Russia
* Woman started doing mens' jobs and working in factories
* Most devastating war that anyone has ever seen
* Known as the war to end all wars
* Men sacrificed their lifes for freedom and democracy in the war
* African Americans mananged war efforts, nurses, provided for families, supported war with boycotts/bonds, production left to them, immigrated from rural south to north
* Women stayed home to take care of family, worked in factories, production of ammunition and military products, gained respect from politicians
13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
* A proposition to end World War 1 and create peace postwar
* 1. No more secrets (open covenants openly arrived at) prohibit treaties (some treaties non understandable understandings)
* 2. Can navigate freely on all seas, but three conditions: general peace, no fighting with other nations, and League of Nations remains neutral
* 3. Eliminate trade barriers, like high tariffs
* 4. You can not have to many weapons/lesson weapon numbers and "domestic safety" is protecting against invasion
* 5. "Impartial" which means you cant pick sides between the colonies, and listening to both sides on the colonials opinions
* 6. Evactuate Germans troops out of Russian territory and Russia can decide what form of government they want without any interference (determine their own political)
* 7. German troops need to evacuate Belgium and Belgium deserves to be independent like they were before war
* 8. France has taken Germany's control of French territory and Francce is allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine (region in NE France)
* 9. All Italians are allowed to live in Italy and re-adjust Russias boundries
* 10. People that live in Austria-Hungary should have self-determination
* 11. People in the Balkon states should be independent and must evacuate the Central Powers of Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania
* 12. Turkish people should be governed by Turkish government; non Turkish people should govern themselves
* 13. Poland should be independent and Poland should have access to the sea
* 14. League of Nations is created to make independence to all states
14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.
* 400 articles
* Many annexes
* Forced Germany to give up land
* 13.5% of Germany territory
* 7 million people
* Army- 100,000 men-ban
* Navy- under 10,000 tons-ban
* Germany had to pay $33 billion
* Germany also had to have the war guilt clause thrown in their face
* Germany lost land and colonies
15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?
* Didn't ratify it
* Wilson was democrat
* Wilson thought we should join the League of Nations
* If we want to stay out of wars we have to stay out of the League of Nations
16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?
* British Blockade of Germany
* Storm Troopers
* American Influence on the War
* Treaty of Versailles
17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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