1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?
Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, system of alliances, Assissination of Archduke Feidinaced sparked the war and started World War 1.
2. What were the major alliances of WWI?
Had a Triple Alliance-in 1882 Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungry agreed on an alliance.
Russia, France, and Great Britian were worried about the Tenete alliance.
US got involved in 1917 when they declared war.
Italy jumped ships in 1917 when the US joined war.
3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?
Germany-bring all people of german descent together as on to build up a large population. Became European world power.
Austria-Hungary-take control of sebria. Wanted to stop serbian actions in order to keep the slaves in Austria. protect bordr between them and italy.
Italy-Gain control of Irredenta. NUmber one goal for Italy. Acquire colonies From Germany. With allied powers.
Trukey-Unify the country. Stop the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.
France-Retake Alsace-Lorraine. Currently in German possession. Falling behind in industrialization. Wanted to weaken Germany's industrial power.
Russia-Remove Germany as a challenge for land. Become a chief military powe once again. Become in command of the Bosphorus Strait. Help Serdia with Austria Hungary.
Great Britian-Preserve its status as a superpower not only in Europe but also in the world. Had to stay ahead of other countries. Noticed Germany was building a navy. Had to weaken Germany's power.
United States-Aimed for peace throughout Europe after the war. Keep Germany from messing with U.S. shipping. Make sure that Allied powers pay off their debt.
4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?
Battle of Verdum- was a tenth month in 1916. France won the war.
Battle Of Marne- 1914. Was the first world war battle fought between.French had a big win.
Second Battle of ypers-Was the first time germay used poison gas on a large scale.
First battle of Somme 1916- Also known as the Sommone offensive. Remembered as the bloodiest day ever in history.
First battle of Champagne-fought in early world war 1 in the Champagne region of France. Between French and Germany.
-Battle of Liege. Began on August 5 1914. Belgium vs. Germany.
-Battle of Tannenberg. Began August 23, 1914. Germans encircled Russian army, Capturing 92,000 and killing 150,000. Best battle of WWI.
-Battle for Gallipoli. Began April 25, 1914. Wanted to knock out Turkey, link with Russia, and ended January 9, 1916. Agianst Russia, France, Great Britian, Turkey.
-Battle of Flers-Courcelette. Began on September 15, 1916. First battle of using tanks. Scared the British in attcking them. took place in France.
5. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?
-Battle of Heligoland Bight. It was on August 28, 1914, Against Britian and Germany. Germany lost 4 ships. 712 died. 149 wounded, and 336 were captured. Great Britian, some ships were damaged and 55 wounded.
-Battle of Dogger Bank. On January 24, 1915. Great Britian fought Germany. Fought in North sea. Great Britian wins.
-Battle of Coronel, Started on November 1, 1914 off the coast of south america. 1,600 men stilled died.
-Battle of the Falkland Islands. Started on December . When spee german man, starting firing he thought what really he just got into. Leipxing was Germans powerful ship that great britian still destroyed.
-Battle of Jutland. Was Between Germany and Great Britian. From May 31, 1916 and ended June 1, 1916. Great Britian once again won. They have won all three battles now.
6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?
-Woodrow Wilson issued a Declaration of Neutrality. American farms and factories fed and armed Europes armies. AMerican manufacturers.
7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?
-Unrestricted submarine warfare-type of navel warfare in which submarines sink non navel boats without warning, Germany sunk a French boat, Sussex pledge-Germany pledge to limit unrestricted submarine warfare, German sank the Lusitani. American Propaganda-Increase support for the war. Urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greatest war production. German Dictaroship- US business interests, Zimmerman note-German foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann was the man who wrote the telegram. It was sent to German Minister to Mexico von Eckhrdt. German empire wanted Mexico to make war against. American press published it in newspapers and was another big reason they got into the war.
8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI? -Aisne 2nd, from April 16,1917. France had strength vs Germany, leaders and was victory for them.
Aisne 3rd, France United Kingdom United States, vs Germany.
Belleau wood battle in June 6,1918. It was France, British Empire, United States vs Germany and lasted 20 days.
Cantigny battle on May 28, 1918. Was between United States and France vs Germany.
Chateau-Thierry battle on June 3, 1918. Between Inited States .
Battle of Le Hamel was on July 4, 1918. Between AUstralia, United States vs Germany.
Battle of Marne 2nd was on July 15,1918. France, United Kingdom. US, Italy vs German Empire.
Battle of Ypres 3rd- on July 31, 1917. United Kingdom and France vs German Empire. Fitfth bloodiest war.
100 days Offensive August 8, 1918- France, British Empire, United Kingdom, Australia, Cananda, India, New Zealand, South Africa vs German Empire, Austria Hungary.
9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?
-Schlieffen Plan, Hindenburg Line-Schlieffen Plane failed so they came up with this, Was made of concrete bunkers with machine guns along it. Heavy belts of barbed wire. Germans believed it would be immpossible to break through but did it with their tanks. - French plan, 17. Believed in a mystical power, like it would scare the germans away.
-Austria Hungary plans B and R. Plan b was to put armies on the feild in serbia and to defend against russia. Plan R was just like Plan B but involved more troops. \
-Plan 19 Russia, Devised in 1910 by general Danily modified in 1912. Germant would open the war with attack agaisnt France.
-Britian did not really have a stragery just copied what france did.American did what France and Britian did. DId sign treaty's to secure on going peace.
10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?
-Rifles-main weapon in trenches915rds per min)
-Bolt-Action Rifles
-Mauser
-Machine Guns, Needed 4 to 6 guns to work it and on flat surface,
-Gardner Machine Gun-Hotchkiss-Lewis Gun-Maxim Machines- Gun-Vickkers machine gun.Artillery was the big Bertha, Howitzer, Skada 30.5.-Tanks, was the little willie, first tank built, could hold 3 men and could go 3 miles per hour.
-Char Schneider, Mark I mother, Mark V.Gas- Chorine gas caused burning in the throat and chest pains, promblems were if their was a wind you could kill your own men.
Mustard gas-most deadly 12 hours to take effect, blistering skin, vommiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks.
-Submarines-little over 200 feet, weighed a 1000 tons, main reason for coastal shootings.
-Air crafts-Planes they delivered bombs, spied on enemies, fighter air crafts, machine guns. Had the Zeppelin airship which was used for bombing raids, carried machine guns and bombs.
Bayonet-Knife attached to the end of a rifle. Used a lot in trenches. Smokless gun powder, Wirless communication.
11. Describe trench warfare.-Fighting lines of trenches where troops are immune to enemy small arms fire and some artillery. As a result there was slow wearing of enemies.Hindenburg Line-made by germans, long trench used for world war I.12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.-Women played a big roll in planting victory gardens. Women basically took over mens job by farming.
Government proganda-Cpi issued pamphlets and films to start up pro war, also organized four minute man-people that would go around and ask people to help war out.
-Conservation-Government of the U.S. used many different posters to puresuad for food.
-Anti-German Activity. Americanization on the germans, Rights-Crippling Acts, Women and labor, Status of Women, Better working Conditions, Vigilantism, Food and Drug administration-woodrow Wilson, Military-Many young men joined willingly. Farming and Food-liberty gardens helped in the war, Hollywood13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.
-Was on Janurary 1918, they did it because the great war was being fought for moral cause.
-point 1 wanted to end to secret treaties.
-point 2 was freedom of the seas.
-point 3 wanted free trade for all countries.
-point 4 was disarmament, like bring the military.
-point 5 was a end to colonial claims.
-point 6 was self-determination for all countries, especially.
-point 7 was the Restoration of Belgium.-point 8 was Restoration of France.-point 9 was Readjustment of Italy's boundaries.-point 10 was Austria-Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development-point 11 was Romain, serbia and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored..-point 12 was Trukey should be sovereign.-point 13 was poland would be given their independence.-point 14 was the league of Nations would be developed.14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.-Hoped it would bring peace to Europe, Treaty itself brought along the birth of nine new nations. These including Poland. Germany did not like this treaty because they thought they would get the 14 points but never did get them.15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.
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