War to End all Wars was the nicknameknown as the great war 1914-1918US entered in 191711th month 11th day at 11WW1 key questions1. What were the causes of WWI in Europe?Militarism, imperialism, and nationalism. Assassination in Sarajeu. Alliances.MINSA is an acronymMilitarismImperialismNationalismSystem of alliancesAssassination - spark that started the war2. What were the major alliances of WWI?The great powers before WW1 were Great Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria - Hungary. Central Powers were Italy, Germany, and Austria - Hungary, and in 1882 was when they became an alliance. Entente or Allied Powers were Russia, Japan, United States, France, and Great Britian, and in 1907 was when they became an alliance. United States wanted to stay neutral. US joined in 1917 because Germans sank Lusitania, a cruse ship, which was headed for Britian. Italy wtarted as a central power and then changed to the allied powers.3. What were the goals of WWI for all the major countries involved?Germany - remove France as a competitor, obtain colonies in Europe, Middle east, and Africa, build up its militaryAustria Hungary - take control of Serbia and protect the border between them and ItalyItaly - gain control of the Irrendenta(Austria Hungary) and acquire colonies from GermanyTurkey - unify country, expand nation by obtaining colonies, gain resources and boost their economyFrance - Retake Alsace - Lorraine, wanted to weaken German'y industrial power, emerge as a europeoan and world powerRussia - remove Germany as a challenger for land, become a cheif military power once again, be in command of the Bosphours Strait, help Serbia with Austria HungaryGreat Britian - perserve its status as a super power, to stay a head of other countris, had to weaken Germany's military power, defend Belgium and France, wanted land from GermanyUnited States - aimed for peace throughout Europe after the war, make sure that the allied powers pay off their debt, Wilson's 14 points4. What were some of the major land battles prior to US involvement-1914-March, 1917?Bettle of Verdun - started February 21, 1916 - France and Germany fought - France won1st battle of Marne - started September 5, 1914 - France and United Kingdom fought against the Germans - France and the United Kingdom won2nd battle of Ypres - started April 22, 1915 - France, Africa, United Kingdom, Canada, and British India fought against the Germans - stalemate1st battle of Somme - started July 1, 1916 - British and French fought against the Germans - inclacusive1st battle of Champagne - started December 20, 1914 - France fought agains the Germans - no one won1st battle of Liege - Started August 5, 1914 - Belgium fought against Germany -Battle of Tannenberg - started August 23, 1914 - Germans and Russians -Battle for Gallipoli - started April 25, 1915 - ended January 9. 1916 - Turkey versus Britain, Germany, Austria HungaryBattle of Flers - Courcelette - started September 15. 1916 - ended September 22, 19165. What were some of the major naval battles of WWI?Battle of Heligoland Bight - on August 28, 1914 - Great Britain fought Germany - Great Britain won - fought in the North SeaBattle of Dogger Bank - on January 24, 1915 - Great Britain fought Germany - Great Britain won - fought in the North SeaBattle of Jutland - May 31, 1916 to June 1, 1916 - Germany fought Great Britain - Great Britain won - fought in the North SeaFirst Battle of Coronel - November 1, 1914 - Great Britain fought Germany -Germany won - fought off the coast of Chile by CoronelBattle of the Falkland Islands - December 8, 1914 - Germany fought Great Britain - Great Britain won - fought by the Falkland Islands6. What were the US reactions to WWI starting in 1914?Woodrow Wildon issued a Declaration of NeutrailityAmerican farms and factories fed and armed Europe's armiesAmerican manufactures, amunition makers, and agricultural producers were eager to make money on the need for goods7. What were the causes for US involvement in WWI?Unrestriced submarine warfare - type of warefare in which submarines sing non navel boats without warning, Germans sank the Lusitania which was a key reason for US joining WW1American Propaganda - increase support for the war, it urged people to plant victory gardens, join the war, greater war productionGerman dictatorshipUS business interestsZimmerman note - German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann ws the man who wrote the telegram, it was sent to German Nimister to Mexico, von Eckherdt, German empire wanted Mexico to make war against the US, the British deciphered the telegram, the American press published it in newspapers, another big reason for the US entering the war8. What were the major land battles for the US in WWI?My presentation - today9. What were the major military strategies for winning the war for both Allied and Central Powers?Schleiffen PlanHindenburg LineFrench Plan XVIIAustria - Hungary: Plans B and RRussia: Plan 19 ( Plan A)10. What were some of the weapons of WWI?Rifles and Pistols (main weapon in trenches - 15 rounds per min)RiflesBolt-Action RiflesLebel M1886Mauser GewehrLee Enfield RifleSpringfieldMannlicher-CarcanoMachine Guns (needed 4-6 men to work)Gerdner Machine GunHotchkissLewis GunMaxim Machine GunVickers Machine GunBrowning Machine GunArtilleryBig BerthaHowitzerSkoda 30.5Mills BombTanks1st one made was Little Willie - crew of 3- max speed was 3mph - couldn't cross trenchesEnd of war tanks could carry 10 men, max speed 4mph, relvoving turretGasChlorine-burning in the throat and chest pains-death by suffocationMustard-most deadly gas-12 hours to take effect-blistering skin, vimiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding-death can take up to 5 weeksSubmarines also known as U-boats-over 200 feet long-less than 1,000 tons-weapons on are torpedoAircrafts-Planes delivered bombs-spied on enemies-Zeppelin - airship used for bombing raids(known as blimps now)-Zepplins are easy to shoot because they are so big11. Describe trench warfare.-fighting line of trenches where troops are immune to enemy small arms fire and some artillery-area between trenches "no man's land"-"Shell shock"- nervous break down of soldiers12. Describe what happened on the US Home Front in WWI.Women's roles at Home-victory gardens-farming-working in factories-trash pick up-knitted sock and clothes-raise money-anything to help support the men-weren't the house wife any more (their status went up, not as high as men yet)-better working conditionsGovernment propaganda-Committee of Public information (CPI)--they issued pamphlet and filmsConservation-food especially meatCivil Liberty Disputes-Anti German Activity-Tryed to americanize all people/immigrantsMillitary Draft-many young men joined willingly13. Describe Wilson's 14 Points.1. end to secret treaties2. freedom of the seas3. free trade for all countries4. disarmament5. end to colonial claims6. self determination for all countries (especially Russia) let them determine their government system7. restoration of Belgium8. restoration of France9. readjustment of Italy's boundaries10. Austria - Hungary would be given opportunity for autonomous development(let the small groups make their own government and have their own land)11. Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated and restored12. Turkey should be sovereign ( they wanted peace )( sovereign means free nation)13. Poland would be given their independence14. the league of nations would be developed ( world wide peace group )14. Describe the points of the Treaty of Versailles.They needed a treaty since the war was coming to an end. They hoped that it would bring stability to Europe. Poland and Czechoslovakia were some of the new nations. It helped bring peace. Germany didn't like the treaty because they thought that they would get the 14 points.15. Why did the US never pass the Treaty of Versailles?16. Why did the Allied Powers win WWI?17. Describe the impact WWI had on the world.18. How did countries react to the Treaty of Versailles?
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