Notes:
Accomplishments of the Tang Dynasty:
- When and where
- 618 AD - 907 AD
- stretched from the Tarim Basin to the Korean Peninsula
- also from Mongolia South to Vietnam
- Key People
- Emperor Gaozu- established the dynasty
- Li Yuan- united China and adopted Buddhism
- Wang Wei- poet and painter that introduced pure landscape, a style of painting for China
- Wu Daozi and Du Fu- grew into a centralized state
- Before and after them
- came after the Sui Dynasty ended if chaos due to tyranny of Emperor Yang
- Li Yuan started an army in Taiyuan and captured the capital Chang'an and put Yang You as Emperor Gong
- in 618 Yang You was killed and Li Yuan named himself Emperor and named the state Tang
- An Shi Rebellion in 755 was a built up army that lasted for 8 years and overthrew Tang
- After it was overthrown in 907 eventually in 960 it was replaced by Sung Dynasty
- Known for major accomplishments
- most influential empire of China's civilization
- became center of trade in the east
- the study of medicine was big, they discovered diabetes
- the study of law and math
- characterized by strength
- they have contributed a dynamic impact on our world
- free from political corruption in the court
- created gunpowder by studying complex chemicals
- woodblock printing
- golden age of art, music, and literature
- strong foundation of government
- invented gas cylinders and air conditioning
- discovered the source of diabetes
Higharchy
- Tang Dynasty
- preceded by the Sui Dynasty
- was founded by the Li family who seized the power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Dynasty
- the Tang Dynasty, which had at one time, the most popular city in the world is regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization
- is a monarchy
- the 7th and half of the 8th century is considered the Zenith era
- emperor Xuanzong brought the middle kingdom to its golden age while the silk road thrived
- Shang Dynasty
- was founded around 1600 BC by Cheng Teng
- was a monarchy governed by a series of kings
- there were 30 kings total over 600 years
- the king was served by officials who held specialized positions of authority
- officials belonged to the hereditary class of aristocrats
- the king had supreme power over everything
- he was the political and religious leader
- the king directed life and work to peasants and serfs
- the most powerful to least powerful are king, noble, warrior, and peasant
- Shang Women
- women were to be gentle, calm, and respectful
- their main purpose was to obey and serve their husbands, fathers and even their sons
- women were lower than men in social standings
- they tended to children and the needs of their husbands
- men married multiple women
- women were often used as concubines
- they didn't have many rights
- were treated with less respect than the average person in the empire
- a concubine is a women who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife or wives
- Tang women
- they were expected to get married and raise a family
- spinning and weaving were some activities the women did
- peasant women would care for the livestock and tend to the feilds
- upper class women could get powerful positions as a wife or concubine of a powerful man
- upper class women could enjoy riding horses
- they could play the games such as polo, and even hunting
- if you were a lower class wife then you could not partake in these activities, and had to do housework
- comparing
- both were monarchic governments
- women's social status was considered less than men's
- motherhood was primary role of women
- king is supreme ruler
- strong social status pyramids, king on top, peasants on bottom
- dependent on trade
- contrast
-Tang
- king was more involved with economy
- women generally had more freedom
- if they could afford to pay someone else to do housework, they would spend more tme with recreational activities
- larger civilization
- Shang
- king had a group of "advisers" that helped him rule
- king was military governmental and religious leader
- polygamy was more common
- women were at the bottom of social rankings
Agriculture and Trade
- increased international trade contacts, and a revolution in agriculture prouductivity
- overseas trade through investments in trading vessels
- the government encouraged people to reclaim barren lands and put them under cultivation
- anyone who opened up new lands and paid taxes were granted permanent possession of the new land
- invented a type of plow to cultivate the lands
- used an invented irrigation systems made from bamboo
- cotton was a very economic crop
- cotton flowers were collected, pits removed, beaten loose with bamboo bows, and drawn into yarns and weaved into cloth called "jibei"
- trade was a huge part of the economy and every "social" class was involved in trade some way, weather it by by trading agricultural supplies or other important things for the overall dynasty
- since the collapse of the Sui Dynasty, productivity had been severely damaged and the national economy was in paralysis
- after the Tang Dynasty reunified the whole nation, Emperor Kao Tsu paid much attention to develop agriculture and successively implemented a series of reforms, such as Juntai Zhi, and Zuyongdio system
- in this way the peasants burden was lessened and production efficiency was improved
- as a result, farm told and agriculture technique were improved
- the economy was very great in power
Accomplishments of the Song Dynasty
- Facts
- 960-1279 AD
- considered a second golden age, following that of the Tang Dynasty, which collapsed 50 years earlier
- followed by the Yuan Dynasty
- Consisted of Northern Song and Southern Song
- The Northern Song was destroyed by the Jin in 1127 a bit of political corruption and decline in the regime
- In 1279 the army of the Yuan Dynasty captured the Capitol of the Southern Song, which pretty much ended the southern song
- there was a total of 18 emperors who ruled over the dynasty
- the first emperor of the song adopted a bureaucratic system employing scholar-officials
- Getting Started
- Civil service exams ere revived, schools spread, and literacy grew
- they grew because books became more common
- Helping out
- they boasted welfare by first helping house and care for the eldery
- what they did for large cities
made state hospitals
got low interest loans for peasants
made state orphanages
had free pharmacies for the poor
- Zhao Kuangyin
- military general who founded the Northern Song
- in 960, he launched a mutiny in Chenquio where he ascended the throne and fully established the dynasty
- studied martial arts from a young age
- in 13 years he was able to unite the separatist regimes in southern part of China
- Advancements
- Agriculture productivity and output of food advanced with new technologies
- Division of labor became more detailed with handicrafts technologies
- the basic form of paper currency appeared during their time period, also called Jiao Zi
- Silk, textile, and porcelain-making industries strived
- Agriculture
- crop yields soon started to rise because of advancements
- new tools and techniques were the main reason
- advances were made int he mining and manufacturing of ceramics
- this caused China from Agrarian to a mercantile state
- China Renaissance
- the industry improved with new bridges, better canal, lock gates, and water powered clocks
- methods of acupuncture and autopsies and physician's code of ethics were codified
- arts even saw and advancement in Lyrical song and portrait and landscape paintings
Military:
- Weapons
- handheld weapons
- pike which had a blade tip used for face to face combat
- sword was used for hand to hand combat
- long range
- spear
- dagger
- bow or curved bow
- plate made of iron was used for defense and was very good in hand to hand combat
- Song Weapons
- advancements in early tech had gunpowder, flame throwers, grenades, firearms, cannon, and some land mines
- Military Commanders
- An Lushan (also known as Shi Siming) - was the prince of La of Yan. Was the leader of Sogdian and Tujeu. Li Shimin
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