First Coalition
- 1792-1797
- Fought against revoltin/revolutionizing Franc, and many other European countries.
- Was the first major effort of multiple European monarchies to contain Revolutionary France.
- France declared war on the Habsburg monarchy of Austria on 20 April 1792, and the Kingdon of Prussia joined the Austrian side a few weeks later.
Countries Involved
First Coalition: against France
- Habsburg Monarchy
- Holy Roman Empire
- Prussia (until 1795)
- Great Britain (helped set up the French monarchy)
- French Royalists
- Spain (until 1795
- Portugal
These Countries liked the idea of a monarchy
Opposing Side
- French Republic
- Spain (from 1796)
- Batavian Republic (from 1795)
- French satellite states
- Polish Legions (from 1795)
These countries were against the monarchy
First Coalition
- This war started off as France as the aggressor, even though many people assumed differently.
- At the beginning, France suffered some defeats by other countries and some issues with loyalist (internal issues)
- Their response was to increase their size of their army.
- They made all man ages 18 to 25, “draftable” to fight in the war.
France against coalition
- However, the French were able to regroup and do much better fighting off the coalition.
- A few countries quit fighting against France in 1795. (Prussia and Spain even switched sides, like USSR did in WWII.)
- Finally in 1797, Great Britain was the only country still fighting against France.
- They quickly quit and France had prevailed.
Results of the War
- French Victory
- Treaty of Campo Formio
- Survival of the French Republic
- French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands
- Several French client republics established (sister countries)
- Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a second coalition against France.
Treaty of Campo Formio
- With the Treaty of Campo Formio, the Holy Roman Empire ceded the Austrian Netherlands to France and Northern Italy was turned into several French “Sister Republics”
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