US Homefront:
The country where the soliders are from. What they are doing at home to help with the war. We were lucky we didnt have to fight battles in our country. War bonds and taxes. People loan money to the goverment and they will get paid back for that later.
1. Selective Training and Service Act
1940. First peacetime draft in US history.
Used until 1973 to fill military nees.
After 1973 US military depended on volunteers to fill needs.
Millions of people volunteered to fight but there just wasnt enough so that was where the draft came in. Lots of people would lie about their age to get into the war.
We started preparing for war.
2. Women's role in WWII
Rosie the Riveter- represented women workers in WWII
"We can do it!"
women played an important role- they took the jobs of men
right after WWI they got the right to vote
more women started keeping jobs and going to college
women worked many more years in the work place
there were worries about women getting to big of muscles while working in factories
poster showed you can still look nice but be able to work in the work place
if it wasnt for the women in the factories, they made everything that helped us win the war
they were nurses taking care of the injured troops
office jobs, working for the government
everything was typed on type writers
farm workers
sails people
waiters
messengers
teachers
conductors
women were important in the war to make war goods
WAC- Women's version of the Army-looking over maps, photographic labratory technition
rationed goods- you could only get so much of things per week. You are hurting our country by doing that.
grow their own gardens so you can feed yourself and can it
WAVES- Women's Navy.- they would work on the phones and type.
WASP- Women's Army Service Pilots- transport planes. Test planes.
Tokyo Rose- Iva Toguri- US citizen in japan. she was forced to broadcast propaganda to the allied troops for Japan.
In these radio programs, she taunted the troops and played music from home.
she was convicted of treason by going against her country.
made the troops feel home sick.
3. African-American's role in WWII
segregation was a law of the land
military was no different- blacks and whites were not mixed
they fought in WWII
many were infantry men and some were pilots
at first they werent given the right to fight
they would fix and test things
eventually were allowed to fight.
some men worked in factories
4. Asian's role in WWII
Same type of thing.
they faced discrimination probably even more than african americans.
they werent liked either
they basically did the same things the african americans did.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
tried to get people to buy war bonds
cartoons and japanese always wore big glasses to make them look blind- racist
try to get the public to support their war
lots of movies made about WWII
Casablanca
Bob Hope and the USO tour
he was a comediean
he was they guy that went over and entertained the troops
they would go to places that were considered safe
troops got some time off to enjoy themselves
Bing Crosby- singer
John Wayne- made lots of WWII movies
Kilroy was here
6. Office of Price Administration
established in 1941 to administer price controls
so prices wouldnt sky rocket
also dealt with rationing of goods
food rationing included restrictions on sugar and meat
clothing rationing restricted silk and nylon
gasoline reationing limiting use of five gallons per week
A, B, C, T stickers
a black market developed in stolen or counterfeit stickers that were used
with rationing came lines
coming out of the great depression made it easier
horse meat was not rationed
7. War Production Board
government organization to encourge factories to make as much as they could
keep the home fires burning, more production!
it was a great organization
we made more stuff than all the other countries combined
8. National War Labor Board
Together we win
bringing worker and owner together
pay your workers some what decently
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
the homefront is where we made all our stuff which was very important
it was responsible of having people get inolved
planting victory gardens
factory workers
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
battle for the atlantic. they tried to sink ships to prevent them from delievering their supplies
as time went on we made our ships so they could go faster
being able to out run a U boat attack
U boats above water werent great
it was the surprise attack that worked so well
U boat transmitting center ashore
we intercepted the information we would be able to tell where U boats were going to be
and could avoid them by planning a different route
the convoy system- power in number
travel in large groups.
ship with ltos of goods would be in the middle and then surround it by others
RADAR would detect vessels above the surface
HF/DF locate submarines below the surface
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
intercepting the german and japanese codes
ULTRA and MAGIC- code breaking secrets intercepting and defifering german and japnese codes.
german, Japanese
allied intelligence played a big part in winning the war.
enigma- system in which germany transfered their information through codes
solving the enigma system remains one of the great allied triumps of WWII
it gave us a huge advantage
once we knew the code we could avoid the U boats
the machine that did the interceping and decifered the code was called the Bombe
Hunter Killers- chasing down axis submarines
ships that went after U boats
later was an airplanes, hunt and kill u boats
depth charge
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
lebensram
he wanted the soviet union
thought they need more room for their aryan race
he despised the ethnic slavs ruled by their "Jewish Bolshevik" masters
didnt like the people or government of the soviet union
wanted Ukraine for the farm land
could use the people as slave labor
the defeat of the USSR would further isolate the Alies
wanted the oil fields in the Caucasus mountains
he didnt trust stalin
stalin didnt trust hilter either
german propaganda showed that Stalin was planning to attack Germany
the western front fighting was over except great britain and the bombing at night
hugest casualities
most destruction in world history
the greatest land war in recorded history
summer of 1941 at 3:30 AM
the main front would eventually expand to 1490 miles and extend to a depth of over 600 miles
in the soviet union marched the best of german army, amouting to three quarters of its field strength
By the end of the year there were lots of people in captivity and lots who had died in battle
at one time the germans occupied some 900000 square miles of soviet territory
three main pushes- take leningrad, then stalingrad, then moscow
Hitlers drive to the Caucasus- the the oilfields, got all the way down there. this was a year in after the invasion.
stalingrad- stalins name sake city, dont retreat. germans did very well for themselves. hitler had wanted this to be over eight to ten months earlier. 1942 russians offensive begins. some german soliders trapped at stalingrad- operation winter storm
germany invaded and did very well at first then the winter set in and they went down hill.
city of stalingrad was destoryed
Battle of Moscow- October 1941 and January 1942- the capital city of russia
hitler got within twelve miles of moscow
he never got to moscow
he wanted to take over the whole soviet union
at first the cold weather helped hitler because they had lots of mudd issues but then the ground froze and then snow started falling and then the soviets started turning the tide
dec. jan. soviets started pushing hitler and his troops back
the war was over after that point
hitler believed moscow was the major military and political target in the USSR as it would lead to the collapse of the country
this battle marked a major turning point on the Easter Front
if you take the capital the government will fall and we will win (hitler believed that)
the german advace was stopped for the first time
gave the soviet union a lot of hope and it wasnt easy
furious that his army had been unable to take Mascow, Hitler dismissed his commander in chief on decemeber 1941 and took personal charge of the german army
hitler took control and made all military decisions afterwards
this led many experienced German officers to go against hitler
hitler surrounded himself with staff officers with little or no recent combat experience
he started distrusting older people in the military so he fired them because he thought they might question him
The Siege of Leningrad - it started on september 1941 when the last land connection to the city was cut off by Germany
Lifting of the siege took place on january 1944
it was one of the longest and most destructive sieges in history and one of the most costly in terms of casualities
it led them to a tough time to get food
stories that come out of this are disgusting
872 days of no resources
reports of cannibalism appeared in the winter after all birds, rats and pets were eaten by survivors
hungry gangs attacked and ate defenseless people
leningrad police even formed a special unit to combat cannibalism
some historians say this was a genocide
finally, a succesful russian counter offensive at stalingrad drained necessary resources the Germans needed to continue the blockade, and eventually, it failed
the Germans never took leningrad but it was one of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced
lots of people captured or missing, wounded and sick, some civilians died during the evacuations
troops on skis in russia. help to move around
the finish troops helped hitler beacause they hated teh soviets
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
Erwin Rommel- The Desert Fox- Afrika Core
The best german general of the war
he out witted us a lot
US decided to invade Africa
Bernard Montgomery- Monty- British General in charge in Africa
George Patton- US General- a tought guy- ivory handleed pistols
he was tough on his troops- he tought that if you could physically walk you would be fine
he defeated Rommel in Africa
Casablanca Conference- January 1942- "Uncondition Surrender"
you have to surrender and do anything we tell you to do
it was right after pearl harbor
and we said we would make a deal with germany until they unconditionally surrendered
Africa was tank battles because it was flat
it was over pretty quickly while we were there
once we got in the war the africa campaign was over in about a year
The Desert Fox left and went to Europe
after africa was free we moved in the the medetranian malta and eventually italy
italy was tough fighting because there were lots of mountains
the government of italy surrendered quickly
italy was freed shortly before the end of WWII
the germans were in control of the mountains so they had a lot of control of it
Sicily- very mountanous
fighting in italys appenine Mountains
took three years to take control of all the german troops there
free italy from german control
Tuskegee Institute- an african american college that trained AA to be piolts to do bombing campaigns
they did outstanding bombing italy and later Germany
got lots of medals for actions
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
George C. Marshall- Chief of Staff of the US Military during WWII- he was the boss of all of the others. He was the guy in washington DC and the other guys were on the battlefields.
George Patton- US General
Dwight Eisenhower -supreme allied comander of all allied forces in WWII in Europe- George C Marshal was his boss. he became presiedent of the US eventually mostly because of being such a hero in WWII. Ike nickname.
Bradley- another US famous general.
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
allied invasion of Nazi controlled France
the assult was conducted in two phases
1: an airborne assault lading of 24,000 British American, Canadian and Free French airborne troops shortly after midnight
2. an amphibious landing of allied infantry and armored divisions on the caost of France starting at 6:30 Am
there were also decoy operations to distract the german forces from the real landing areas
the operation was the largest invasion in world history
Operation Torch Africa is where we started and did fairly well
then turned towards medetrainian island then italy
Operation Overloard- June 6 1944
it got delayed because of bad weather
over time took over the beach
people parachuting in on the opposit side to try and work their way back towards the beach
lots of people were sick and very rocky waters on the english channel
Germans put up the barriers to slow down the advance
we threw out information wanting them to intercept it
to make him think they were getting really could information
made it easier to cross the english channel
The Atlantic Wall- an extensive system of coastal fortifications built by Nazi Germany between 1942 and 1944 along the western coast of Europe
Burilt as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of the mainland continent from Great Britain
16. Battle of the Bulge
coldest, snowiest weather in the Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border
lots of casualties
massive battle even though germany was on the verge of loosing
they lost a lot of tanks and airplanes also
The Malmedy Massacre, where 86 american soliders were murdered, was the worst atrocity commited agaisnt American troops during the course of the war in Europe
unsuccessfull we continuted to push in towards Germany the russians were pushing west towards Germany
RUssians got there before us
hitler just got married and hitler died
Hitlers bunker unearthed
Eva Braun- smitten by Hitler. She committed suicided also.
V-E Day May 8, 1945- everyone partying on the streets
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
died about a month before the war ended
died of a brain malfunction
hitler heard the news and hitler said we can still win this thing but then we shot and killed himself
truman is sworn in
18. VE Day
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,
20. Navajo Code Talkers
21. Doolittle's Raid
22. Manhattan Project
23. Hiroshima bombing
24. Nagasaki bombing
25. VJ Day
26. Yalta Conference
27. Nuremburg Trials
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
Why did we win WWII?
Henry Kaiser- he was a ship builder.
he owned the company
by the end of the war we were making more ships than all the countries combined
we had so much finished product that the axis powers couldnt keep up with it
industrialist
minorities
women
we could intercept and figure out what they were talking about
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