US Home-front:
1. Selective Training and Service Act
-First peacetime draft in U.S. histroy
-Used until 1973 to fill military needs
-After 1973, U.S. military depended on volunteers to fill needs.
2. Women's role in WWII
-Rosie the Riveter represented women workers in WW2
-When men went to war the women would stay home and help by working in the factory
-Nursing was a big thing that women did.
-Women played as secretaries to send letters and ect. to the families of lost loved ones.
-women worked as farmers, waitresses, typers, elevator operators, teachers, conductors, and other things that men usually worked.
-every branch of military had an army core. WAC-Women's Army Core. They did things to help the military like photography, and helping in factories. WAVES- Women in the navy. They did claricle things. WASP-Women's Army Service Pilots. They tested new aircraft
-Important to can food
3. African-American's role in WWII
-Half a million that served in Europe but were "unfit" people. They were segregated from white. They weren't deemed able to fight in front lines at first.
- Fought in WW2. not seen as people who could fight in front lines. They were cooks and engineers to start off with.
-Worked with white soldiers. Many worked in factories and farms.
4. Asian's role in WWII
-They volunteered. 2 groups of them got purple hearts. They had to wear buttons that say they were Japanese, Asian, and so forth.
-They did interpreting for some of them. Many fought well for out country but were discriminated.
5. Hollywood's role in WWII
- let some of their biggest stares enlist in the war.
-Movies were big propaganda to stay positive or join the army.
-Showed America's heritage and patriotism.
-Some movies showed what was going on over seas.
-used to relax people.
-Entertain the troops.
-Bob hope- was a entertainer. Comedian, singer, actor.
-USO is a non-profit organization that provides entertainment to members of the U.S. military since 1941 and is still around. Bob hope was a big part of this.
-From 1941 to 1947 the USO presented more than 400,000 performances.
- Bing Crosby, Judy Garland, Bette Davis, Bob Hope.
6. Office of Price Administration
-Maintained the price of household items during the war.
-They put a limit on how much people could buy.
-people were given ration stamps and had only so many. The ration stamps would last a week before more are given.
-You can't give out your excess stamps to anyone else. You could only use your own.
-We had to cutback to help ration to help with our soldiers and allies.
-Sugar, meat, clothes, gas were all rationed.
-Most people had A sticker which allowed 4 gallons a weeks. B stickers and c stickers were better
7. War Production Board
-The board that regulates and limits the supplies that go to war.
-Rationed things like gasoline, paper, plastic, and other things needed for war.
-Expand businesses and redo businesses to make factories produce more war products.
-Keep production of war things up.
-Didn't want people to waste time during the war.
8. National War Labor Board
-Made sure that workers kept efficient during the war.
-If everyone worked together then we can win because we will produce enough things for the war.
9. Why the Homefront helped win the war
- The U.S. produced so many war goods that we couldn't be stopped. Tanks, guns, ammo.
- Women, African Americans, Asians all helped with production of goods.
-Hollywood helped keep the war positive
10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats
- Convoy system. If merchant ships were lead by war ships then we could defeat the Germans ships.
-Make faster ships that could outrun German ships.
- British changed their codes so Germany couldn't decipher when we would be transporting goods.
-use technology like radar and find were Germany is and avoid the enemy.
11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic
- Magic was the United States big code decipher utensil. Mainly used against Japan.
-Ultra was the British Decipher used against Germany
-Individual spies in different countries.
-HF/DF- we could find were u-boats were
-Radar-Could find boats above water.
12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)
-wanted Ukraine for farmland
-Use some people for slave labor.
-Wanted the oil field.
-Thought Stalin was going to attack Germany.
-German invasion of Russia.
-Biggest land invasion in human history.
-June 22, 1941.
-Russia and Germany lost more people in this war then the U.S. lost in all of the wars that they were in.
-Germany wanted to take over Leningrad,Stalingrad, and Moscow. He thought if he got these cities he would have Russia taken over.
Stalingrad-Took a year until they got to Stalingrad. The biggest push is in August. Hitler had control of 90% of the city then winter hit. Germany was hit hard when the winter came. Soviets then push then back. It takes the Soviets 4 yrs to push back, but it was only 6 months for Germany to push into the Soviet.
Moscow-Hitler never got here but was short by 12 miles. When winter set in the Germans suffered again and the Soviet's push back. Thus Moscow was saved. Germany really thought if they got Moscow they would win because that is where there government was. Hitler was mad at his generals and fired them all and replaced them with new inexperienced generals so he could be in charge of his army.
Leningrad- They tried to siege it: to surround and bombard it. 872 days was how long the siege lasted and people became hungry. People starved and ate everything and then soon resorted to cannibalism. People starved to death. Troops had been taken from Leningrad to fight at Moscow and Stalingrad and the Soviet's eventually pushed them back. Leningrad never gave in.
13. Battle in Africa and Italy
Africa- North Africa campaign. First area that we fought the Vishi French. Little under a year. George Patton was the big general down in Africa. George Patton died in Germany of an automobile accident right after WW2. Operation Torch was the name of the invasion of the French North Africa. In under a year Germany surrender.
Italy- Started with the invasion of Sicily. It was Canada, Britain, and the U.S. The axis defended Britain but invaded further up and took Germany off Sicily. When British invaded further up in Italy they didn't think it was going to be a big resistance. Italian government surrendered. Italy was now our allies. Germany still controls Italy but they all retreated because they lost soldiers. Invaded August 1943 then the government gave in a few months later, then it was another 2 yrs until Germany was out of Italy.
-German general Erwin Rommel was known as the desert fox.
14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley
George Marshall- chief of staff of the U.S. Military during WW2. Highest General, president is only person higher then him.
George Patton- Famous U.S. general who fought in Africa and Europe. Died of automobile accident
Dwight Eisenhower- supreme allied commander of all allied forces. 3rd in power.
Douglas MacArthur- The general of the Army that fought Japan
Chester Nimitz-Admiral. In charge of the navy during WW2 against Japan.
Omar Bradley- General. involved in war in Africa and in Europe after D-Day invasion
15. D-Day-Operation Overlord
-June 6, 1944
-Allied invaded France to take it back from Germany. Go big or go home
-Preparation happened many months before
-Started at 6:30. There were three divisions. The right, left, and Omaha beach.
-Had been delayed two days, and June 6 wasn't the day but were worried that Germany would find out what was going on.
-We kept giving misinformation to their spies so they wouldn't find us. Hoping they would think we were attacking farther north.
-Take back France.
-It was about 11 months after this attack that war was done in Europe.
-Early early that morning parachutes were dropped in further land. shortly after midnight
-The second part was the beach attack and the attack at Omaha beach.
-We tried to decoy our attack.
-Largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,000 troops.
-Roughly 10,000 allied casualties (6,600 U.S.)
16. Battle of the Bulge
-Germany's last offensive attack of the War. One of the worst decisions by Hitler.
-He wanted a big victory but it didn't happen.
-Wanted to get to the sea and the U.S. and other allies would give up.
-Towns in Germany are starving and 15 and 16 year old kids our fighting.
-December 16, 1944 is when it started and Germany was doing good, but by the January Germany started to run out of fuel and the allies started taking over.
17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over
FDR dies of a Cerebral He-mirage and Truman took over. Pretty much a stroke.
18. VE Day
May 8, 1945
Victory in Europe. War ended in Europe
War wasn't over in Japan quite yet.
19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
Island Hopping- U.S. Tactic to take over the islands. They would go from island to island and take them over. They would take over the important islands first as a tactical. Then the smaller islands are going to be cut off. Save time and money.
Philippines- Japan had big empire in the Atlantic. The Philippines was an area that Japan bombed on December 7, 1941. Doug MacArthur was the General of the Philippines at this time. American POW's had to be moved from camp to camp. it was the Bataan Death March. December 7, 1941 is when it started and ended in May of 1942 and it was about 60 miles. Was characterized by physical abuse and murder. the Americans and Filipinos wanted the Islands back and they started to attack back.
Coral Sea- Japan suffered their first lost. They wanted to take over the allied Ports. battle of Aircraft carriers and Airplanes.
Midway- Admiral Yamamoto. We bombed the Japanese and it was our pay back from Pearl harbor. Japan Navy really started to Struggle after this. Through Magic we kinda knew that these battles were gonna happen.
-coral Sea and The battle of Midway was the biggest turning points for us. Japan started to struggle
Guadalcanal- The Japanese was threatening trade between the U.S. and Asia and Australia. Marked when the U.S. went on a offensive. Jungle Terrain.
Iwo Gima- First time we went and attacked Japan at Japan. We had a big offensive with the Allies. We outnumbered the Japanese. The Japanese hid in the tunnels and Jungle and was gonna take a while until we eventually flushed them out.
Okinawa- Mine.
20. Navajo Code Talkers
Mine
21. Doolittle's Raid
We bombed Tokyo. This was just to hit them.
22. Manhattan Project
The building of the atomic bomb. General Leslie Groves was in charge of this. J Robert Oppenheimer was the scientist put in charge of this project. Alamogordo, New Mexico was the site of the testing of the atomic bomb. Was known as the Trinity site. The Enola Gay was built specifically for this bomb drop it was a B-29 and before no plan was big enough to drop this type of bomb.
23. Hiroshima bombing
August 6, 1945.
Little boy bomb.
Exploded right above ground.
Camera Plane was lost
Plutonium.
24. Nagasaki bombing
August 9, 1945 Three days later.
Fat man
Uranium
Got in trouble because they missed their mark. Only suppose to drop if they could see.
Imploded. The uranium went into small space then blew up. k
Dropped in mountainous day
25. VJ Day
August 14, 1945. victory in Japan day. War ends.
26. Yalta Conference
February 1945. In Russia. Met and did a compromise. Germany would be broke into for zones( US, GB, France, USSR)
Stalin Promised free elections in Eastern Europe .
Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over.
have a conference at San Francisco to set up the United Nations.
27. Nuremburg Trials
Trials set up for war crime. Herman Goering hanged himself in his cell.
GI bill of rights. General Issue rights. Help former troops get jobs, homes, and transition themselves into normal day to day life.
28. Japanese Internment Camps in US
Japanese were put in camps and sell their homes because we thought they were spies. We made them do what we wanted the m to do.
We didn't kill them.
They lived in desert areas. Sell everything except what they could put in a suitcase.
They could go to school and had sports teams. Given jobs and paid
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