Monday, April 2

[4Bailey]

blog discussion day!

no assigned blog this week!

Testing starts WEDNESDAY!

US Homefront:

1. Selective Training and Service Act

• first peacetime draft(forcing people to join the military) in US history
• used to fill military needs until 1973
• after 1973, US military depended on volunteers to fill needs

2. Women's role in WWII

• Rosie the Riveter; represented women workers in WWII
• after WWI women got the right to vote
• women working in factories is one of the biggest things they did in WWII
• nursing is another major thing women did in WWII
• farmers, sales people, waitresses, taxi drivers, elevator operaters, teachers, conductors, etc. -were many different jobs women did during WWII
• every branch in the government had women roles.
• canning foods was big in WWII
• telegraph for the navy (waving)
• WASP-womens army service pilots

3. African-American's role in WWII

• more than half a million AA served in Europe
• were not allowed in units with white soldiers
• classified as unfit
• civil rights leaders set up an experiment to prove that AA can do it
• 200 missions tuskegge airman never lost a bomber so that really proved to people that AA can do it.
• now that people can see a difference in AA whites and blacks work together

4. Asian's role in WWII

• wore buttons to tell people who they were because they looked soo much alike
• 2 groups: 442nd regimental combat team and 100th infantry battalion became known as purple heart battalion
• several japannese- americans volunteered to be inturpreteres in the pacific theatre

5. Hollywood's role in WWII

• movies were big propaganda
• entertaining the troops

• • USO-United Service Organizations

    • provided entertainment for soldiers in the war
    • presented performances all over the world
    • Bob Hope:
• inform them about the war

6. Office of Price Administration

• maintained the prices of household items during the war
• limiting on how much people could buy.  did so by giving food stamps (colored)
• for how much product they bought they would get stamps
• were not allowed to give others your stamps
• used it so soldiers would have enough supplies and allies (everyone had to cut back)
• if something happens to you, the stamps are given back to ration government.. you CAN NOT give away your stamps under any circumstance
• food, gas, etc. were all rationed
• stickers A,B,C

7. War Production Board

• helped out with rationing
• goal was to make as much as they possibly could

8. National War Labor Board

• helped the workers get more rights in an 8 hour day

9. Why the Homefront helped win the war

• made so much war goods.
• • ships
  • tanks
  • etc...
• women deserve a ton of credit
• holywood its props.
• • helped kept the war positive
  • helped people get behind the war effort

10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats

• convoy system: surrounded merchant ships by other ships 
• speed: built faster ships
• codes
• avoiding the enemy (smart)

11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic

• Magic: combined two units
• Ultra: code name
• they were near the top of the list for why we won the war
• RADAR: detect stuff above water
• HF/DF: located were submarines were
• Engima machine: germany system to transmit their codes

12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)

• hitler invaded the soviet union beacuse....
• • lebensraum
  • wanted ukraine for farmland
  • use some for slave labor
  • it would further isolat the allies
  • wanted oilfields in the caucacus mountains
  • he believed that stalin was going to attack him at some point (didnt trust him)
• It was the german invasion of the soviet union
• biggest invasion in world history
• happen in summer of 1941
• 4.5 million soliers
• 3,500,000 red army were in captivity
• 4,000,000 had died in battle
• at one time germans occupied some 900,000 square miles of the soviet territory
• 3main goals:
• • Leningrad-north
  • Moscow-center
  • Stalingrad-south
• hitlers drive to the south (stalingrad) was caucasus mountains ;1year later
• stalingrad: germans had control of about 90% of the city   really the turning part of the war
• 4years of war fought in soviet union
• moscow: got to 12 miles from the city.  it was saved
• 400,000 german casualties
• 1,280,000 soviey casualties
• hitler was furious that they didnt get to moscow.. replaced his generals with new people who werent as good as them
• hitler wanted his comanders not to question him and fight to the death
• hitler took over the military.. things went down hill
• siege(surrounding/bombardment of a city) of leningrad: start sieging leningrad 872 days after began it stopped
• longest and most destructive sieges and most costly
• red army; 1,017,881 killed, captured or missing
• 2,418,185 wounded and sick
• civilians; 642,000 during siege, 400,000 at evacuations

13. Battle in Africa and Italy

• dwight isenhour: US general
• erwin rommel (the desert fox): German general   (comitted suicide)
• george patton: famous generals for the US in world war 2 (killed in automobile accident)
• Operation Torch
• • british-americans invasion of french north africa
• Caablanca Conference "unconditional Surrender"
• started with the invasion of sicily(island in italy)
• US, british, and canada: invaded by air and water
• british invaded the toe of italy
• italian government surrendered then italy became our allies (working with us)
• germany takes control

14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley

• General George Marshall: chief of staff of the US Military during WWII; after WWII he became Secretary of State.
• General Dwight Eisenhower: Surpreme Allie Comander of all Allied forces in WWII
• General George Patton: famous leader that fought in Africa
• General Douglas MacArthur: famous US general, head of the army against Japan
• General Admaral Chester Nimitz: incharge of the Navy in WWII agaisnt Japan
• General O'mar Bradley: not as famous but pretty famous in the WWII.. involved in Africa, D-day

15. D-Day-Operation Overlord

• June 6, 1944
• took place in france after germany had taken it over
• "Go Big or Go Home" to retake france
• delayed D-day due to weather in the first place
• allied invasion of Nazi controlled France
• the operation was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,000 troops
• about 10,000 allied causalties (6,600 US)
• an airborne assault landing of 24,000 british, american, canadian and free french airborne troops shortly after midnight

16. Battle of the Bulge

• germanys last ofensive of the war
• hitler started it
• the coldest, snowiest weather "in memory" in the ardennes forest on the german/belgium border
• largest and worst battle in WWII (many losses)
• the malmedy massacre, where 86 american soldiers were murdered, was the worst atrocity committed against the american troops during the course of the war in europe
• lot of casualties on both sides

17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over

• FDR dies from cerebral hemerage (stroke)
• hitler and his girlfriend both committed suicide by taking poison.. hitler also shot himself.

18. VE Day

• May 8,1945
• Victory in Europe day

19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa,

• Island Hopping: US armies tastics to get the islands back from Japan (called carwheel; invade an island, hop over another island, repating itself)
• • save money and lives
• Philippines: decemeber 7,1941(started)- huge offensive
• MacArthur: incharge of the philippines
• Bombing
• a bunch of americans surrendered against the japannese
• Prisinor of War (POW):
• ended in may- japanese ambassador officially apoligized to the US
• Bataan Death March: characterized by phisical abuse and murder
• japanese officials faced war crimes trials after the war.
• Americans and Filopinos were playing on getting the japanese out
• Battle of Leyte Gulf:
• • Kamikaze: japanese suicide bombers
  • after this battle they really struggled to get a navy together
• MacArthur returned to the philippines (september 15)
• Coral Sea: major naval battle between the japanese navy and allied naval and air forces form the US and Austraila
• • 6 months after pearl harbor
  • lots of battle ships
• Midway: widely ragarded as the most important naval battle against Japan
• • June 4-7,1942
  • the japanese aimed to eliminate the US as a strategic power in the Pacific and believed midway was the place
  • huge victory for us
• TWO MAJOR TURNING POINTS (japan)
• • Midway and Coral Sea
• Through magic information we sort of knew this was happening
• Guadalcanal: significant strategic victory by allied forces over the japanese in the Pacific Theatre
• • august 7,1942 and february 9,1943 in the solomon island archipelago
  • hitting the most important islands
  • marked the transition by the allies form defensive operations to offensive.
• Iwo Jima: first time we went to attack japan
• • 6,821 US deaths
  • flags rising on mt. suribatchi
• Okinawa: one of the bloodiest battles in the war

20. Navajo Code Talkers

• they recieved no recognition until declassification of the operation
• navajo code talkers deserved metals

21. Doolittle's Raid

• bombed tokyo
• we did this raid because we needed a morale boost
• crash landed in china

22. Manhattan Project

• General Leslie Groves is put in charge of the Manhattan Project             {germany}
• code name for the atomic bomb   
• J Robert Oppenheimer: communist
• Alamogordo, New Mexico is where they tested the atomic bomb for the first time in history. oppenheimer picked this place
• the dropped it from a tower not an airplane
• ground was covered in glass

23. Hiroshima bombing

• Enola Gay : named after pauls mother
• Paul Tibbits : pilot of the enola gay (bomb japan)
• aimed for a bridge

24. Nagasaki bombing

• 3 days later from hiroshima
• "fat man" (platonium bomb)
• bockscar
• the only thing that went right was the camera
• the thing that went wrong is that everything clouded over.. couldnt see there target
• dropped the bomb but missed there target due to not being able to see anything

25. VJ Day

• japan surrendered thus ending the WWII
• august 14, 45

26. Yalta Conference

• russia
• churchill, stalin, and FDR met and developed a compromise
• • germany would be broken into four occupation zone (US, GB, France, USSR)
  • stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe
  • Stalin Promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
  • Have a conference at San Francisco to set the United Nations

27. Nuremburg Trials

• people in the holocaust were put on trial
• GI Bill of Rights- help former troops to come back after war and transition there lives into something else. Jobs, school, etc.
• Herman Garing-commited suicide

28. Japanese Internment Camps in US

• organized camps for japanese
• there were some postive things that happend at this camp.
• they were forced