Monday 3.5

[3Julie]

•  While in prison he wrote his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• • Outlined Hitler’s ideas:
  • 1. Aryans were the superior race
       • Germans, Dutch, Belgians, Scandinavians and English
       • No interbreeding
    2. Anti-Semitic beliefs
       • Hated Jews, inferior race
       • Hitler associated them with the Weimer Republic and Communism
    3. Hated democracy
       • Believed one person had to have the power to keep order and Discipline
    4. Undo the Treaty of Versailles 
    5. Re-unite German speaking people
       • Austria, Sudetenland, Danzig, Poland
    6. Lebensraum
       • “Living space” in Russia for the German People
• Hitler also learned that he would have to come to power legally
• January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany
• Within 18 months Hitler had total power and created “The Third Reich”
• In Gernamy you would see hitler every where, posters of "monster jews", he was on posters, tv, newspaper; Propaganda of him, made him look like a god, he was pictured with kids to make him look like he cared
• The Holocaust
• • the genocide of approximately 6 million Jews during WWII
  • a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany throughout Nazi-occupied territory
  • Approximately 2/3 of the population of 9 million Jews who had lived in Europe before the Holocaust died
  • some maintain that the definition of the Holocaust should also include the Nazis' genocide of millions of people in other groups from Germany and other occupied territory 
  • by this definition, the total number of Holocaust victims would be between 11 million 17 million people
• Who was killed in the Holocaust
• • 1. Jews (6 millions dead)
  • 2. Gypsies(500,000 to 1.5 million)(were an ethnic group that didn't have a place to call home. they were from the middle east and they just kinda floated around. that's why they weren't liked)
  • 3. mentally/physically handicapped people (75,000 - 250,000)
  • 4. Soviet Slavs/Prisoners of War/Troops (16.5 million)
  • 5. Polish people (2.5 million dead)
  • 6. Homosexuals (5-15 thousands dead)
  • 7. Communists/socialists (no exact number)
  • 8. Dark skinned people (death and forced sterilization)
  • 9. mixed races - "The mulatto children came about through rape or the white mother was a whore," Adolf Hitler.
  • 10. Jehovah's Witnesses(2,500-5,000)
• What is the Aryan Race?
• • misused by the Nazis to mean a so called master race that originated around Germany
  • perfect Aryan was blonde, blue eyed, tall and muscular
  • the original term refers to a people speaking a Indo European dialect
• Lebensborn-Fount of Life
• • the program aimed to promote the growth of "superior" Aryan populations by providing excellent health care and living conditions to women and by restricting access to those deemed "fit"
  • wanted to make more blonde hair blue eyes babies
  • houses were set up throughout Germany and many occupied territories
  • many Lebensborn children were born to unwed mothers which helped lead to many rumors of rape
  • contrary to widespread rumors, women were not forced to have relations with Aryan Germans
• Hitler's Jewish Question 1933 - What are we going to do with the Jews?
• • Nazis "temporarily" suspend civil liberties for all citizens in 1933-never restored
  • the Nazis set up the first concentration camp at Dachau in 1933. The first inmates are 200 Communists. Were not death camps though. They were work camps.
  • Jews are prohibited from working as civil servants, doctors in the National Health Service, and teachers in public high schools. All but few Jewish students are banned from public high schools and colleges.
• Nuremburg Laws 1935
• • 1. took away German citizenship from Jews thus making Jews second class citizens by removing their basic civil rights
  • 2. established membership in the Jewish race as being anyone who either considered themselves Jewish or had 3 or 4 Jewish grandparents. People with 1 or 2 Jewish grandparents were considered to be mixed race
  • • eventually anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent was at risk in Nazi Germany
  • 3. Jews could only marry Jews
  • 4. No sexual relations between non-Jewish Germans and Jews
• 1936
• • Nazis boycott Jewish owned businesses
• Kristallnacht - 1938 "Night of the Broken Glass"
• • on the nights of November 9 and 10, 1938, gangs of Nazi youth roamed through Jewish neighborhoods breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting
  • in all 101 synagogues were destroyed and almost 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed. 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps
  • Jews were physically attacked and beaten and 91 died in the attack
• 1938 continued
• • all Jewish children are expelled from public schools in Germany and Austria
  • Nazis take control of Jewish-owned businesses
• 1939
• • Hitler orders the systematic murder of the mentally and physically disabled in Germany and Austria
  • Jews are required to wear armbands or yellow stars
• 1940
• • Nazis begin deporting German Jews to Poland
  • • that's where the death camps were
  • Jews are forced into ghettos
  • Nazis begin the first mass murder of Jews in Poland
• 1941
• • Jews throughout Eastern Europe are forced into ghettos
  • in two days, German unites shoot 33,771 Ukrainian Jews at BabiYar - the largest single massacre of the Holocaust
  • the death camp at Chelmno in Poland begins murdering Jews
• 1942
• • Nazi officials announce "Final Solution" their plan to kill all European Jews
  • give death camps begin operation in Poland: Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka, Belzec, and Auschwitz
  • Ghettos of Eastern Europe are being emptied as thousands of Jews are shipped to death camps
  • the US, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union acknowledge that Germans are exterminating the Jews of Europe
• 1943
• • Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto resist as the Nazis begin new rounds of deportations. These Jews hold out for nearly a month before the Nazis put down the uprising
• 1944
• • Hitler takes over Hungary and begins deporting 12,000 Hungarian Jews each day to Auschwitz were they are murdered
• 1945
• • Hitler is defeated and WWII ends in Europe
  • the Holocaust is over and the death camps are emptied
  • many survivors are placed in displaced persons camps until they find a country willing to accept them
• 1947
• • the United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British - controlled Palestine, which becomes the State of Israel in 1948