Socrates
- Philosophor
- Plato's teacher
- Never wrote down anything
- teaching skills in teaching and comminication
- believed that the best way for people to live their lives is to focus on self development.
Aristotle
- Student of Plato.
- Teached in physics and astronomy.
- Wrote 200 trestles only 31 survived.
- Father of the field of logic.
- Born in Stagria
- Was a tutor for Alexander the great
- Eventually created his own school
Plato
- Formed the concept that he idea or soul of something must exist before the physical aspect/
- Contrubuted to mainly to the philosophy of metaphysics.
- Best writer in western tradtion.
- Born into an Athenian family
- After meeting Socrated, He turned to philosophy/
Athena
- Gods
- Zeus- god of the sky
- Apollo- god of light. killed a gaint snake
- Atemis- god of child birth.
- Aphrodite- god of love
- Poseidon- oplympian god.
- Venus- god love, sex, fertilty
- Ares- god of war
- Dionysus- god of wine and drunkeness.
- Hephaestus- god of technology
- Athena- god of wisdom and courage
- Hermes- god of boundaries
- Hades- king of the Underworld and the god of death and the dead.
- Demeter- god of harvest, grain and fertility of the earth
- Hestia- Virgin god of hearth and agriculture
- Hera- Female god of women and marriage.
- Greek Religion
- They prayed to the gods because of relgion and because they believed that the gods controlled the world. For answers and explanations.
- Monothesist- believed in one god
- Poltheist- Believed in more than one god
What is the Delian League
- the legue was controlled by Sparta and Athens
- Athens was recongized as mtroplis(mother city)
- Placed at head because of its strong navy
- It was land and water based.
- Took over other cities and forced them to join the league.
- Tactics: aviod engangment with the Spartan infantry.
- The Athens were prediced to prevail over Sparta due to superior amounts of resources, money, and men.
- Delian League: liberate the lonian Greeks from persian rule. Safeguard the islands from further Persian aggression. The league controlled virtually all the Greeks in the islands and coastal regions.
- Key Players:
- Pericles- promoted the arts and literature, responsible for rebuilding the Athens.
Persian war:
- Themistocles--Athenian admiral at battle of Salamis.
- Darius I--- King of persian empire during the first war.
- Xerxes-- king of persian empire during the secound war.
- Miltiades--- Athenian gernal at battle of Marathon.
Peloponnsian War:
- Cleaon- first representive of the commercail class politics.
- Nicias- member of the athenian arustocracy, riveal to Cleon
Weapons and Armor and levels of men.
- Hoplon- made by wood convered in bronze. inside leather
- Knimis- flexible metal and lined with felt, leather or cloth. wore around legs.
- All physically fit citizens between 18-60 years were in the war.
- Hoplite- heavy infrantryman. wore armor. armed with a long spear.
- Psiloi- the missile troops. rarely carried sheilds. there job on the battle flied was to take on the enemy ahead of the main group.
Famous Battles
- Persian War- 492-449. land and sea battle. created marathon running.
- Battle of Salamis: 480 B.C. fought in september between the Greek city- states. Defeat at Salamis shifted the war in Greece;s favor. most important battle in history.
Art and Architecture of Athenians
Key Players
- Theophil Freiherr
- Ictinus
- Prince of Bavaria
Key Buildings
- Temples- Parthenon: built in 5th century BC,
- Erechtheum:
Athenian
- big influence on art and architecture
- Pottery- Bowls, Jugs, and cups. Main colors were black, red, yellow and white.
- Painting was a big role. Very bright paint.
- Buildings had statutes or gods or people.
Money
- Decadrachma- 43.25g
- Tetradracha- 17.20g
- Drachma- 4.30
- Obol- .72g
Hellenistic
- Art and Ag spread into india
- Greco-Buddhist art represnted a syncretism between greek art and the visual expression of Buddhism
- During this perid sculptures became more and more naturlistic.
Success or Fail?
- Success- Money, Popularty, and Theaters.
Athian Governemt
- Direct cemocracy- people vote on what should happen.
- had to be 18 to vote, be a male citizen.
Citics
- Socractes- hated the democracy
- Aristotle didnt like the democracy.
Branches of Government
- Assembly: metting of males. voted on decrees that affected every aspect of Athenian life.
- Council: full govn't. Mainly to prepare for agenda.
- Legislation: Laws were discussed and any citizen could request a law change.
- Areopagud: was there before demcracy. it was court.
- Peoples Court- Juries of people would listen to cases and vote on the guilt or inocents of their fellow citizens.
Key players
- Pericles: leader of Anthenian Democracy
- Clethisthenes: made the basis of citizenship. Established the council of 500.
- Themistocles: Built the naval fleet. defeated persians.
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