Science and Technology and Poetry And Art of Tang and Song
- Tang Poetry
- follows the Golden Age of Chinese
- Written by over 2,200 authors Important part of social life
- two famous poets
- Du Fu
- Li Bai
- Song Poetry
- Classical Chinese Poetry
- Poets
- Su Shi
- Ouyang Xiu
- Lu You
- Yang Wanli
- many different forms
- Ci - form of poetry based on songs, and rhythms but with different words
- Tang Technology
- invented the astronomical clock
- gunpowder
- gas cylinders
- water-powered fans
- porcelain
- Song Technology
- calculated an accurate measurement of the astronomical meridian
- many medical breakthroughs
- used ephedrine as a pharmaceutical drug
- hydraulic powered astronomical clock tower
- movable type
- flamethrower
- Tang Art
- painted many painting of the landscape, shanshui
- this was painting with mountains and water
- many painting were traded
- their main music was the qin, which was sued also in the Han Dynasty
- also made pots and plates
- Science of Tang
- the Tang Dynasty contributed a lot to the development of astronomy, medicine and printing technique in Chinese history
- Monk Yixing, was the first to successfully measure the length of the meridian line
- Science of Song
- the Song dynasty is considered by many to be China's high point in science
- inventions - gunpowder, compass, and movable type printable. Greatest 3
- the period that the Song made numerous scientific advances was known as the Chinese Renaissance
Tang Dynasty Ag and Trade
- Tang Dynasty Agriculture
- the Tang Dynasty made great advances in agriculture, such as digging underground wells for better irrigation, made a very light weight pump sued to take water to farm land far from water sources
- Rice, a Chinese crop, ripened quickly, so China was able to hold such a large population with these small inventions
- Crops
- The Tang Dynasty grew a lot of different things like corn, race, beans, and wheat
- Trade
- During the Tang Dynasty the use of the silk roads has declined dramatically
- Silk Roads
- the silk roads were ambushed a lot by the Mongols
Tang Dynasty
- Pre-Tang Dynasty
- before the Tang dynasty, there was the Sui Dynasty
- it lasted from 581 to 618
- a big achievement for the Sui dynasty was that they constructed most of the Grand Canal, by some labor of millions of workers
- the Grand Canal is the longest canal in the world
- however the high taxes and the forced labor for some construction projects projects and wars made this dynasty very unpopular
- the Sui empire ended in rebellions
- Early Tang Dynasty
- in the early Tang Dynasty the Li family became powerful leaders
- After capturing Changan, a general named Li Yaun declared himself the emperor of the Tang empire in 618
- he defeated his rival commanders and his rule lasted until 626 when his son forced him to retire
- his son, Li Shimin killed his two brothers to gain power as the emperor
- he was a very famous long lived emperor
- he was known as Taizong
- once the Gokturks in central Asia were defeated the Tang Empire expanded Westward
- the silk trade routes flourished and Taizong received foreign emissaries in Changan
- he died in 649
- Middle Tang Dynasty
- in the middle Tang Dynasty there was war, famine, and external attacks, this caused the death of millions
- in 750 the Nanzhao rebelled against the Tang dynasty
- it was quite small but powerful
- they destroyed a large army that was sent against them in 750
- another large army in 754
- then the Nanzhao expanded into Burma, Thailand and the rest of Yunnan and Sichuan
- Tang Dynasty
- 618 BCE to 907 BCE
- founded by the Li family
- capitol was Chang'an
- at the time it was the most populous city in the word at the time
- is considered a high point of the Chinese civilization
- extended a lot of cultural influence on its neighbors
- Buddhism became a major cultural influence
- Major Accomplishments
- developed a new study of medicine emphasized the use of herbs and organize materials for treatment - still in use today in China
- their research into complex chemicals heavily influenced useful inventions that came later - like air conditioning
- they also invented waterproof creams that resemble today's varnish that is used on wood
- their emphasis on education brought about economic prosperity and political stability for China for a long time
- Key Players
- Li Yuan was the founder of the Tang dynasty
- Wu Daozi was considered the greatest painter of the Tang dynasty - cultural leader
- Li Shimin was one of the emperors during this time - an excellent politician - led the dynasty to political stability through his open minded and humane style of rule
- Wu Zetian as empress along with Emperor Gaozong - she was able to preserve the empire with her keen political mind since Gaozong was weak minded - eliminated political enemies
- how they lost power
- there were four main reason that the Tang Dynasty lost power
- 1. the rise of eunuchs
- men that have been castrated
- the rules that kept them from reaching high offices were abolished
- they reached position above princes and minister
- 2.separatist regions, called Fanzhen, along the borders, fought amongst themselves
- they started as regional military governorship, for the safeguarding of boarders
- they competed for farmland and labor
- they became small kingdoms in and of themselves
- 3. conflict in the ruling class
- people of wealthy lineage and commoner who had worked their way up
- formed different political parties, and the divisiveness between them broke down the power of the central regime
- 4. the most important factor was the peasant uprising
- only non governmental, external power, that contributed to the decline
- the government annexed a lot of land
- the government imposed a lot of taxes
- national disaster caused the food supply to abruptly decrease, but taxes stayed the same
- the biggest one was the Huang Chao Uprising
- After the Tang Dynasty
- China descended into political turmoil after the fall of the Tang Dynasty
- it is known as the period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
- 5 dynasties - Later Liang, Later Tang
- 10 Kingdoms - Wu, Wuyue, Min, Chu
Women's Rights and Social Class
- Women's Right in the Song Dynasty
- women were lower in the social class than men
- there were a lot of well educated women
- a lot of women who educated their songs
- some women also wrote poems and stories
- most women were maids and servants
- Women's Right of Song Dynasty
- women gained many new legal rights in ownership of property when they got married
- they were given large dowries and legal rights when it came to property
- establishment
- fifty years after the official end of the Tang Dynasty, an imperial army re-unified China and established the Song dynasty
- formed from one of the give dynasties after the Tang Dynasty
- Song Dynasty Social Class
- Wealthy landowners
- Scholar
- Merchants and artisans
- Soldier and peasants
- Slaves
- Common Women's in Tang Dynasty
- they traded livestock and women to the Turkes
- the most common women weren't treated well
- the women cooked and cleaned and took care of the men
- higher up Women of the Tang Dynasty
- there were some women called courtesans that were great singers and poets. they supervised banquets and fasts and knew the ruled to all of the drinking games
- these women weren't afraid to criticize men
- Social class of the Tang Dynasty
- 8 social classes in the Tang Dynasty
- 1. Emperor and family
- 2. aristocracy
- 3. bureaucracy
- 4. eunuchs
- 5. clergy
- 6. peasants
- 7. artisans and traders
- 8. slaves
- 8 social classes in the Tang Dynasty
Weaponry
- weapons of the Song dynasty
- knife Chariot
- Rammer
- scaling ladder
- iron sword
- stone casting machine
- fire arrow
- fireball
- watchtower
- gun powder
- song military found gunpowder to be helpful in siege warfare
- led to the development of early types of rockets, cannons, bomb and mines
- bombs of gunpowder were mixed with scrap iron that would be launched with catapults
- Song Dynasty wanted to continue to improve their weapons to hold off the Mongols
- weapons of tang dynasty
- pike swords bow and arrow
- grenades
- throwing dagger
- Armor
- plates of iron with sharp edges that they also used as a weapons
- also used shields that were a very thick piece of iron that could almost defend between any weapon
- Tactics
- Song Clamor in the East, Attack in the West
- element of surprise that provides an overwhelming advantage
- when face to face with an enemy attack them where they least expect it
- Tang - Create something from nothing - Feint
- Feint is a movement in order to deceive their adversary
- make a move then you make another move and when your enemy reacts to that move make another move to catch them off guard
- Song Clamor in the East, Attack in the West
Write one paragraph over Marco Polo
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