today we did presentations again
Ch. 7.2
immigration and urbanization
Why did cities grow so quickly in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
immigrations came to get away from the potatoe famine
job shortages
to be free
to escape discrimination
urbanization happened because of the americanization movement- wanted to help immigrants assimilate into our country
make immigrants more americanized
new machinery called for less farmers
What problems did cities face due to the rapid increase in population?
transportation- migrating was harder
housing- either had a house or they could rent rooms in apartments
after working class families left their houses immigrants lived in their old houses
crowded
no plumbing
smelled really bad
transportation-
innovation in mass-transit allowed people to move around to their jobs more easily
street cars 1873
subways- 1897
public transportation
water- cities had a hard time supplying safe drinking water
in the 20th century many city dwellers stll had no access to safe water
not good water
filtration 1870 and clorihination 1908
sanitation-
cities larger so it was harder to keep the city clean
sewage flowed through open guters and factories spewed foul smoke into the air
Fire-
limited water= fire
the cities were packed with wood, the candles and sources of heat didn't help the fires
earthquakes caused fires
firefighters came about
great chicago fire vs. san fransisco earthquake
crime-
population increases so does crime rate
nyc established the first full time police force in 1844
most city law enforcement units were too small the have much of an impact on crime
What did some people do to try to help the bad situation in the cities?
immigrants had to learn our ways of life like literacy
the settlement house movement- people wanted the poor to have more of a say to what went on
a settlement house- was aimed to help poor people like a community center
hull house in chicago- jane adams- 1889
lillian wald- henry street settlement in ny
the women were pretty much the only ones who worked at the houses
people started the social gospel movement where they preached the gospel to the poor
god wants us to help the poor
a lot more people had responded to the call than
the emergance of organized police and fire departments
Ch. 7.3
What was the political machine and what did they do for a city?
the political machine was an organized group that help control activities of a political party in a city
like blackmail
offered services in exchange for support
tammany hall is the most famous political machine
every city had one
it was a building where peop;e organized events
not an actual machine
the pyramid-
base- local workers and captains
election time- ward boss secures votes in all precints in ward
top- boss, controlled activities
base, bosses, top dog
role of political boss- sometimes was the actual mayor
could provide gov't support for new businesses
bosses solved problems to gain support and votes
immigrants and the machine-
many of bosses were first or second generation immigrants
few knew grammar
machines helped immigrants get full citizenship
Tell me about Boss Tweed and the Tweed Ring.
What caused all this corruption in government?
What laws came about to reform government?
Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James Garfield, Chester Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland and William Mckinley were all presidents during the late 1800's. Were they a reform president or a status quo president?
Ch. 8.1:
-What advances in science and technology help solve urban problems?
Ch. 8.2:
-How did education change in the late 1800's and early 1900's?
Ch. 8.3:
-What laws and restrictions were put on African-Americans and other minorities after Reconstruction ended?
-Explain the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Ch. 8.4:
-Explain what people did for entertainment in the late 1800's and early 1900's.
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