Mon. March 26

[3Dannielle]

No blog assignment this week. Blog Discussion.

US Homefront:

1. Selective Training and Service Act (Mr. Bruns)

• 1st peacetime draft in US history
• Used untill 1973 to fill military needs
• After 1973 US military depended on volunteers to fill needs

2. Women's role in WWII

• Worked in factories
• Nurses
• Farmworkers
• Taxi drivers
• Bus drivers
• Messangers
• Teachers
• Typest
• Worked on maps
• Lab techs
• Canned food
• Waves (womens navy)
• WASP -Womens Army Service Pilots
• Tokyo Rose was forced to brodcast over the radio that would make men feel sea sick and not want to fight. She was a US citizen and said to be forced by the Japannese.

3. African-American's role in WWII (Me)

4. Asian's role in WWII

• Worked as farmers or in factories if they did not fight in war

5. Hollywood's role in WWII

• Cartoons, movies
• Aimed for the public to support the war effort
• USO - United Service Organization Inc. is a private non profit organization that provides entertainment to members of the US Military since 1941

6. Office of Price Administration -OPA

• 1st to dicover the idea of ration books
• Ration books were given to each american family and the coins inside were amounts of money used for food so you could only buy so much not more than you needed even if they could afford it they could not buy it only with the rations
• Could not use others ration stamps
• Children were given ration books
• If someone dies the book must be turned in can not be used by others
• If someone is in the hospital they had to turn the book in and could recieve it when they got out of the hospital
• This was a very important organization

   

7. War Production Board

• Job was to keep producing metal and fuel and other materials used to stablized our economy
• Encourage mass production
• Woodrow Wilson created it
• Could not allow workers to go on strike

 

8. National War Labor Board

•  Kept peace between workers and employers.

9. Why the Homefront helped win the war

•  Mass production of goods

10. How US/Allies fought back against U-boats

• Planes were mostly used to fight back
• Navy used depth charges to take out the boats
• Speed was a big deal
• We tried to avoid them, and proved where they were
• Travel in large numbers
• We went after U boats with lots of weapons and had aggressive attacks too.
• Depth Charges were forced under water and then exploded
• Hunter Killer airplanes went after the U boats also

11. Intelligence gathering--Ultra/Magic

• Mostly spys
• Most of them were British
• They got together to fight off the Axis Powers
• Ultra is intercepting and deciphering German code
• Magic was an intercepting and deciphering of Japanese codes
• We worked with Great Britain to come up with safe ways of defeating the Axis Powers
• Enigma - system in which Germany transferred their information though codes
• Solving the Enigma system remains one of the great allied triumphs of WW
• Looked like a typewriter
• Bombe is what helped decipher and break codes
• It was like a super computer of the day

12. Operation Barborossa(USSR vs Germany)

• Code name for Germanys invasion
• Started in 1941 June 22nd 3:30am
• Turning point in the 3rd regions (reich?)
• Soviets were not prepared at first
• Plan was to take over 3 major cities - Stalingrad, Mascow, Leningran
• Operation failed because Soviets held out
• The greatest land war in recorded history
• 4 million had died in battle by the end of the year
• At one time Germans occupied much territory
• Biggest war of all time
• Most death of all time

-Why did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?

• Living space for the German people
• Resources (food, oil, wheat feilds)
• Lebensraum
• Despised the ethnic slaves ruled by their "jewish bolshevik" masters
• Wanted Ukraine for the farmland
• Could use the people as slave labor
• Deafeat of the USSr would further isolate the allies
• Wanted the oilfields in the Caucasus mountians
• Did not trust stalin-german propaganda showed that stalin was planning to attack Germany
• The western front fighting was over

Battle of Mascow

• Hitler never made it there

Seige- Jan 27, 1944 lasted 872 days (starving people)

More people died in Leningrad then we have had in all our wars combined 

13. Battle in Africa and Italy

-The british-american invasion of french North africa started in November 4th

Us and G Britan state they will not make a deal with germant unless they surrender

• Took place in North Africa from June 10th, 1940 through May of 1943
• These campaigns fought between the Allies and the Axis powers
• Both powers wanted the Middle Eastern resources and just the area of land itself
• The side that would take control of that area of the world would have an extreme advantage with extra land and another supply of resources
• Erwin Rommel was from Germany and was nicknamed the "Desert Fox" because he was a very sly general. He was later involved with the assassination of Adolf Hitler. He realized that Hitler was going crazy and needed to be stopped especially when Hitler decided to take the military's plans into his own hands. When he was involved in the assassination attempt, he didn't want anyone thinking that he was a traitor to his country. He committed suicide so he would be remembered as a great German hero
• Operation Torch was where we would invade Morocco
• The Casablanca Conference -Jan. of 1942 "Unconditional Surrender"
• The US will only accept a surrender from Germany when Germany will do anything that we tell them to do.

14. US Generals-Marshall, Eisenhower, Patton, MacArthur, Nimitz, Bradley

• George Patton was a great US general during WWII but he unfortunately died in an automobile accident
• Eisenhower was known as the Supreme Allied Commander and he was the next one in charge in Europe
• Marshall was the chief of staff and that was the guy that was in charge of the military right under the president in ranking
• McArthur was the leader of the US army against Japan
• Nimitz was the leader of the US navy against Japan
• Bradley was a famous general in Africa in WWII.

15. D-Day-Operation Overlord

• June 6th, 1944
• It was the invasion of France (occupied by Germany)
• Allied powers invaded Omaha Beach, which caught the Germans off guard
• We knew what they were doing but they didn't know what the Allied powers were doing
• The Allied powers fed false information to the Germans making them think that we might attack a different place then we really were
• Hitler moved most of his forces to where he thought the Allied powers were going to attack, but didn't
• There were over 6,000 ships were sent to Omaha Beach yet 2,000 were sunk
• There were roughly about 10,000 Allied casualties, with 6,600 from the US
• Operation Overlord was the largest amphibious invasion in world history with over 160,000, and it was the beginning of the end for Germany
• The British, Americans, Canadians, and Free French were all involved in the parachuting down into France shortly after midnight
• The Amphibious landing of the Allied infantry and armored divisions on the coast of France started around 6:30 a.m

16. Battle of the Bulge

• Took place near the end of the war in Belium in the mountains
• Was the bloodiest battle of WWII for the US
• It occured 5 months after D-day
• The Germans attacked the Allied powers and it was one of Hitler's last offensive
• Roughly 19,000 US soldiers
• Lasted from December of 1944 to January of 1945.

17. FDR Dies-Truman takes over

• FDR died April 2nd from a stroke basically
• Harry S. Truman, the vice president, took his place as president
• Truman was from Missouri, he was very blunt in what he said and he never sugarcoated anything. Hhe said that he would take responsibilty for his actions and would not blame it on someone else. He followed through on his word. He fired McArthur because McArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb where it could start a nuclear war and Truman didn't want that. As people look back in history Truman was right. Truman fired McArthur because he didn't want a major general bad mouthing him and going against him. When Truman's years of president were over, he was known as one of the most unpopular presidents ever, but people today think differently

18. VE Day

• Victory in Europe day -is when Germany surrenderd-May 8th, 1945
• Hitler commited suicide instead of being captured

19. Battle in the Pacific-Island Hopping, Philippines, Coral Sea, Midway, Island Hopping:

• Island hopping was the overlapping of islands so supplies couldn't be given to Japan
• The plan of the Japanese was going to lure us into a trap but we kinda knew what was going on so we ended winning it, and after the Battle of Midway Japan wasn't so much of a powerhouse anymore, and the US didn't lose many battles after that

Iwo Gima:

• February 19, 1945, when the American dropped the bomb and destroyed the island and any Japanese forces that were on the island

Philippines: The Philippines were attacked on December 7th, 1941

• MacArthur refused to evacuate the Philippines to Australia because he said that he would "fight to the end" but FDR has to send him a personal message telling him to leave and when he finally agrees, he says that he will return. He does, and he ends up succeeding in taking the Philippines. 
• The Japanese succeed in taking the Philippines. 
• US territorty since 1998
• Dec 7, 1941-Bataan death march (Mistreatment of the americans by the japps

 

Coral Sea & Midway: 

• The Battle of Midway was far off the coast of Japan, which was about the mid point between Japan and Hawaii
• The Battle of Coral Sea was to keep Japan from invading Australia, which would've left the US and the other Allied powers would be in a very tough spot
• Coral Sea is located right off the coast of Australia
• The Battle of Midway happened one month after the Battle of Coral Sea.

Guadalcanal: 

• Guadalcanal was nicknamed as Operation Watch Tower
• Aug 7 1942- Feb 9th 1943 in Solomon Island Archipelago
• The Guadalcanal Campaign was a significant strategic victory by Allied forces over the Japanese in the Pacific theater
• Guadalcanal marked the transfer from the defensive tactics to the offensive tactics for the Americans.
• Main focus was trying to get the Hendersen airfeild to surrender
• Campaign was a significant strategic victory by allied forces over the japs in the pacific theatre

Okinawa:

• April 1 1945- June 21, 1945
• Biggest war in pacific islands
• An invasion was to be expected, and the battle ended up being the biggest battle of all the Pacific Islands.
• Japan ended up using Kamikaze planes

20. Navajo Code Talkers

• People that were able to speak the Navajo language
• Their codes were used to transmit information to US intelligence during the war
• The codes were vague enough so the Japanese and the Germans wouldn't understand it
• There were only 29 code talkers during WWII and George W. Bush gave a special medal of honor to the 4 living code talkers 

21. Doolittle's Raid

• Lead by General James Doolittle (Jimmy)
• The raid was to bomb Japan and cause them to be insufficient in fighting the war
• The main purpose of the raid was to get a moral boost for the US and to lower the moral for Japan
• Japan had said they were invulnerable but the US caused them to change their minds
• The planes needed to be lightened if they were to be successful in the raid.

22. Manhattan Project

• Project for the US to build an atomic bomb because word got out that Hitler was planning on making one
• It costed millions of dollars then, which is millions upon millions in cost today
• The project was very secret because they didn't want word getting around Germany which would make it's way to Germany
• General Leslie Groves wanted to lead out in a battlefield but he was placed to be the lead of the project to build the atomic bomb
• He was somewhat slighted by the fact that he was jammed into a lab instead of fighting on the front lines but he didn't understand the importance of the operation yet
• J Robert Oppenheimer was the scientist in charge of the US operation

23. Hiroshima bombing

• August 6, 1945
• Paul Tibbits dropped it
• It killed many residents in japan
• Got so bad doctors only helped who they thought would make it
• Many people burned to death
• US wanted to make sure they didnt have any casualties by trying to make japan surrender
• Enola Gay- plane was named after Pauls mother
• Uraniune 235 -little boy bombed  

24. Nagasaki bombing

• August 9, 1945
• Target because of its industry activity (building ships ect.)
• Bomb was called the fat man

 

25. VJ Day

• Victory of Japan
• August 15, 1945 (Japan)
• August 14 (US)
• Marked the end of the war

 

26. Yalta Conference

• Held in a palace in Russia
• Meeting governemnt of the US UK France and GB
• Stalin promised free elections in eastern Europe
• Stalin promised to join the war against Japan after war with Germany was over
• Have another conference at San Francisco to set up the United nation

27. Nuremburg Trials

• 1945 -1949
• Allied troops prosecuted people who were associated with the Nazis
• The trials took place from time to time from November 19, 1945 - October 1, 1946.

 

28. Japanese Internment Camps in US

• Made to put Japanese Americans into Internmant camps around the western part of the US
• We did not trust them so we put them into camps so we could watch them
• The people in the camps weren't being held as prisoners or as slave laborers they basically had a normal life in the camps
• The camps weren't concentration camps. There were also schools provided and other things needed to live well. The Japanese-Americans were forced out of their original homes in order to go to the camps

29. GI (General Issue...common soldiers) Bill of Rights:

• Common soldiers were placed back into civilian life that they weren't used to after they came back from their service
• The bill was to help them throughout the rest of their life
• It helped people get jobs, education, and homes for the ones that served our country
• It also enhanced our Nation's competitiveness throughout the years after WWII

Why did we win?

• Because Hitlers Mistakes
• Multi fight war
• We had great Generals
• We worked well with other countries (GB)
• Supply lines
• Over production of goods
• Navajo Code Talkers
• Women helped win
• We provided for our allies too
• We had better technology (atomic bomb)
• We had more soldiers and more countries on our side

Cause Of The Cold War

#2 Policy of Containment: domino effect, Iron Curtain Speech, Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine

Final self project. Video can be done but probably going to do a prezi. BE CREATIVE! Colored pictures, videos, follow a rubric ( try to find a rubric on the page.

Due around a week from easter monday

[5 cesar]

Good job