1. What caused WWII outbreak in Asia japan attack china twice and then china declared war, Europe treaty of Versailles, hilters actions, Great depresion, Mussolini's actions Policy of appeasement Hilter of invasions Poland Rise of nationalism failure of the league of nations
Europe: Germany invaded Poland Britain and France couldn’t let anything else happen so the next bad thing to happen they would go to war. The next thing was Germany invading Poland.
Asia: Japan needed more resources so they invaded countries in Asia (China) Japan invaded mainly China in Manchuria for resources. While in China, they invaded Nanking. In Nanking, they killed thousands of people, raped thousands of women, children and elderly people. China was upset so they went to war with Japan. After Pearl Harbor, China declared war on Germany.
2. Short term and long term effects on the U.S. women got rights and so did the black people
Short Term- The US lost 416,800 Soldiers in WWII, and 1,700 deaths of civilians due to military action from another country resulting in 416,800 deaths.
Long Term- Made over 17 million jobs for people and raised wages because products were in such high demand. The government switched to more federal law which gave more power to the government. Women got to work in factories while the men were gone and they got better wages and put them a step forward into the women's rights movement. It also helped blacks because they got to fight in the war which made the whites think different of them and also put them ahead.
http://nightnight.hubpages.com/hub/Impact-of-World-War-2-on-America-WW2
3. What happened on this day
-On December 7, 1941 Japanese Military was sent on an attack to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in the U.S to provoke the U.S. to come into the war. They bombed several Navy ships like the U.S.S Arizona, 2402 people died and 1282 were wounded.
4. How we got involved into the war
-We had been neutral even without showing true neutral actions like sending troops and ammunition to the british, but once the Japanese bombed us at pearl harbor we declared war against Japan causing Germany and Italy, Japan’s allies, to declare war on the US.
5. What the U.S. did in response to Pearl Harbor?
The day after the attack, President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of United States Congress. Then he signed the declaration of war.
Some historians believe the attack doomed Japan to defeat simply because it awakened the "sleeping giant"
5. Why did we stop trading oil with Japan?
When Japan seized Indochina (now Vietnam) in 1940-41, the United States, along with Australia, Britain and the Dutch government in exile, boycotted Japan via a trade embargo.
- They cut off 90% of Japan's oil supply, and Japan had to either withdraw from China or go to war with the US and Britain as well as China to get the oil.
The Desert Fox (Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel)
Fought in World War I
One of Hitler’s favorite generals
Never joined the Nazi Party
Regarded as one of the most humane and professional officers of the war
Minimal participation in the Invasion of Poland
Lead the elite “Ghost Divison” during the occupation of France and Belgium
Leader of the Afrika Korps during the North African Campaign
Oversaw the “Atlantic Wall” at the Normandy beaches in 1944
Possibly involved in the July 20th Plot to kill Hitler
Forced to commit suicide on October 19, 1944 at age 52
Smiling Al (Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring)
Served in World War I
One of the most popular generals of World War II
Commanded air forces during the Occupation of Poland and France
Oversaw air forces for the Battle of Britain and Operation Barbarossa
Commanded all German troops in the Mediterranean area
Strongly disliked by most Italians
Stood trial for war crimes, sentenced to death
Churchill convinced Prime Minister Atlee to commute his death sentence to life imprisonment
Released from prison in 1952 due to throat cancer
Died on July 16, 1960 of a heart attack at age 74
Monty (Field Marshal The Right Hounourable Bernard Montgomery 1st Viscount of Alamein)
Fought in World War I
Commander of the Eighth British Army
Lead the British forces during Operation Torch
Winner of the turning point of the North African Campaign First Battle of El Alamein in Egypt
Competed frequently with General Patton to take certain cities or towns
Took part in the initial invasion of Italy
Commander of all ground forces during Operation Overlord
Stopped the Russian advance to Denmark and Northern Germany near the end of the war
Became leader of the British Occupation Forces after the war
Became Eisenhower’s deputy after the creation of NATO in 1951
Died on March 25, 1976 at age 88
Bandito (General George Patton Jr.)
Attended West Point Military Academy
Competed in the 1912 Olympic Games held in Stockholm Sweden, he was the top non-Swedish finisher at 5th place
Was aide to General of the Armies John Pershing in the hunt for Pancho Villa
Fought in World War I
Planned and commanded Operation Torch
Commanded the Seventh Army during the invasion of Sicily
Very aggressive and impatient, not always liked by his troops
Played a small role in Operation Overlord
Commander during the Battle of the Bulge
After Victory in Europe, he tried to move to the Pacific Theater
Military governor of Bavaria after the war
Paralyzed in an accident on December 9, 1945 died of heart failure on December 21 at age 60
Ike (Supreme Commander Dwight Eisenhower)
Attended West Point, part of “the class the stars fell on”
Supreme Commander of all Allied forces in Europe
Oversaw and planned almost every major battle of the European Theater
Became one of only 4 officers to be promoted to General of the Army during World War II
Became good friends with Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov
US Occupation zone Military Governor
Appointed President of Columbia University in 1948, and Supreme Commander of NATO after its creation in 1951
Became President on January 20, 1953 and held the office until 1961
Died of heart failure March 28, 1969 at age 78
Alex- Mediterranean.
began june of 1940, 4 years 10 months long
destroy supply lines
main militaries involved
german
italian
british
french
other militaries involved
australia
canada
greece
brazil
yugoslavia
USA
battle of calabria
first battle in the mediterranean of wwii
took place july 9th, just 4 weeks after hostilities started in the region
battle of taranto
british use torpedo bombers to attack anchored italian ships in the first attack of its kind
they had great success with the attack by sinking one ship and severely damaging 2 others
this battle put the italian fleet out of commission for several months
source-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean#Battle_of_Taranto
U.S. War in Italy-Levi
Background
Lasted from July 10, 1943 to May 2, 1945
U.S. and Great Britain believed that an invasion of Italy would divert German troops from the northern front and make it easier for the U.S. to invade Normandy
Invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky)
Began on July 10, 1943
Involved a land/ airborne invasion on the southern shore of Sicily… Their ultimate goal was to capture Messina but it’s coast was too heavily fortified
Allies captured Sicily in August, 1943 with little resistance as most of the troops in Messina had retreated to the mainland
New Italian Government
Benito Mussolini was arrested on July 24, 1943
New Italian government (headed by Marshal Pietro Badoglio) began to discuss an armistice with Allies
Although the Italians were done fighting the Allies, the Germans continued to fight against the Allies on Italian soil
Invasion of Italy
Began on September 9, 1943 in Salerno
German Commander Kesselring had set up defensive lines all across the narrow peninsula
Progress was slow and it took several months for the Allies to push through the Monte Cassino and Gustav line
After the Allies broke through in May 1944, General Clark decided to invade Rome rather than finish off the remaining German soldiers retreating from Cassino
General Clark’s unit moved into Rome on June 4, 144 but because of the upcoming D-Day invasion, several of his divisions were taken and put in France
Because of the slow progress, the Allies decided to stop their advance and wait out the GermanT’s until the end of the war
German forces in Italy surrendered on May 2, 1945
Causalities
300,000 Allied troops KIA, wounded, or MIA
434,000 Axis troops KIA, wounded, or MIA
Sources
"Italian Campaign." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/italian-campaign>.
"The History Place - Defeat of Hitler: Allies Invade Italy." Allies Invade Italy. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/defeat/italy-invaded.htm>;.
Mason - North African Campaign
Began June of 1940, 3 years long
Axis tried to deprive Allies of oil
Three phases
Western Desert
Operation Torch
Tunisia
Casualties
Germany - 18,600
Britain - 35,500
US - 2,800
Axis suffered much worse than Allies
Western Desert Campaign
Began in Egypt
Germany and Italy ordered to invaded British forces
Italy had many problems
People were captured
Not doing what was ordered by Mussolini
Operation Torch
November 8th - 11th, 1942
America and Britain took over Oran and Morocco
Vichy French tried to fight, but didn’t last long
Tunisian Campaign
Allies had a small group advance to Tunisia
Axis had many more groups on the ground and pushed Allies out
During the winter not much fighting took place as the armies built power and waited for better weather
In March, war continued
Axis fought hard, but lost many troops
Fought for a few months
Over 275,000 people were taken as POW
Military was greatly reduced, lost all Italian colonies in Africa
"Military Operations in North Africa." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. United States Holocaust Memorial Council, 10 June 2013. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007301>;.
"North African Campaign." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_African_Campaign>;
From Junes 6th 1944-may 6, 1945
Jonnys
c. Battle of the Bulge (December 16th to January 25th)
- This Battle was one of hitlers last big offensives of the war.
- Reason
- Battle of surprise
- German tactics (Encircle and Destroy)
- Dense forests in the Western Front of Europe
- Weather
- 19,000 Deaths
- 89,000 Casualties
2. D-day
A. operation Overlord
- battle that won the war
B. Normandy beach, France
- Tuesday June 6, 1944 6:30 am
- divided into 5 landings
- weather
-German defences
- casualties 10,000 british canadian and U.S.
- commander of D-Day Dwight D Eisenhower
- beach was in control by the end of the day
2. Strategic Bombing
aimed at the industrial heart of Germany
-used “flying fortresses”
a. precision bombing
during daylight
vital locations
-airfields, shipyards, railroads, factories, etc.
-wanted to cause resource allocation in German
Travis
3. VE Day
a. Victory in Europe Day (May 8th, 1945)
- Hitler committed suicide April 30th,
- Nazis unconditional surrender of its armed forces
- marked the end of the war
- surrender was authorized by Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz after Hitler committed suicide
b. Celebrations
- erupted throughout the Western world
- happened on Harry Truman’s 61st birthday
why are we invading france. Taken over by germany
the atlantic wall . not a wall but machine gun turrets and fortifications
5000 ships 50000 vechiles 11000 plans
Us war in the Pacific against Japan
battles: philippines, iwo jima, okinawa, battle of coral sea, midway, doolittle's raid
navajo code talkers
atomic bombs on nagasaki and hiroshima
major generals in the united states that fought against japan
strategies
BATTLES
Philippines happened june,19-20,1944
it was a major naval battle
it took place during the Untied States amphibious invasion of the Mariana Islands during the pacific war
the battle was the last of five major carrier versus carrier engagements between americans and japanese naval forces
major generals for america were Raymond A. Spruance and Marc A. Mitscher
the battles nickname was the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot
The Americans Won
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea
Iwo Jima
fought february 19- March 26 1945
it was also called Operation Detachments it was a major battle in which the us armed forces fought for, the captured the island of Iwo Jima for the Japanese Empire.
Americans won
Commanders
Holland Smith
Marc Mitscher
Graves B. Erskine
Clifton Cates
Keller E. Rockey
Chester W. Nimitz
Raymond A. Soruance
strengths 70,000 U.S. Marines, Navy Army
Casualties
americans
6821 killed
2 captured but recovered
19,217 wounded one
escort carrier sunk
Japan
18,844 killed
216 prisoners
3,000 hiding
Battle of Okinawa
largest amphibious assault in the pacific war of WWII
began april 1945
lasted 82 days
fought on the ryukyu islands of okinawa
invasion was supported by naval, amphibious, and tactical air forces
the battle was nicknamed “typhoon of steel” because of the kamikaze attacks
japanese surrendered less than 2 months after the end of the battle
the allies won
casualties: 77,166 japanese soldiers killed, 14,009 ally soldiers killed, 150,000 civilians killed
Doolittle's Raid
also known as Tokyo raid
took place on april 18th 1942
it was a air raid
commanders James H. Dolittle
3 dead
8 pows
15 b-25s
Coral Sea
-fought may 4-8th 1942 it was major naval battle
Commanders
-Frank J. Fletcher
-John Crace
-Thomas C. Kinkaid
-Aubrey Fitch
-George Brett
Strengths
-2 fleet carries
-9 cruisers
-13 destroyers
-2 oilers
-1 seaplane tender
-128 carrier aircraft
lost
-1 fleet carrier
-1 destroyer
-1 oiler
-69 aircrafts
-656 killed
Midway
was one of the most important naval battles of world war 2
between june 4 and 7 1942
Major Generals
Chester W Nimitz
Frank Jack Fletcher
Raymond A. Spruance
Casualties
1 carrier sunk
1 destroyer sunk
150 aircrafts destroyed
307 killed
Navajo Code Talkers
-Navajo indians were recruited for the US Marines as code talkers in 1942
-Philip Johnston came up with the idea to use the Navajo language for military purposes
-Navajo language was an unwritten language of extreme complexity
-By December 7, 1941, only 30 non-Navajo people (no Japanese) could understand the Navajo language
-The Navajo code was slightly different from their language (A Navajo soldier taken POW by the Japanese couldn’t understand the Navajo code)
-Navajos could encode, transmit, and decode a 3-line english message in 20 seconds, much faster than encoding machines
-They were a part of every assault the Marines took conducted in the Pacific
-Navajo veterans were honored in 1992 for their contribution to US defense
source: http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq61-2.htm
Yance has island hopping
Island hopping was very difficult for most American fighters to do. It was very expensive, and Japan had control of many of the islands that the americans “Hopped” onto. After a little time the island hopping paid off because the USA gained control over many of the islands that Japan had control of at one time. The USA
Atomic Bombings (Manhattan Project)
-Idea of a nuclear bomb started around 1930
-Idea was never taken seriously, even with the support of Albert Einstein
“What would America want with such a weapon?” -Franklin Roosevelt
-War with Germany and Japan made it necessary to produce the weapon
-Robert Oppenheimer started the Manhattan Project
-Though the Axis had no chance of building an A-bomb (no scientists or resources), the Allies rushed research was based on the fear of them making one
-The project cost $2 billion and included 600,000 people for its research and production, yet it stayed completely secret
-The project ended on July 16, 1945 when they successfully tested a plutonium bomb in the New Mexican desert
source: The Usborne Introduction to the Second World War Internet - Linked. New York, NY: Scholastic, 2005. Print.
Atomic Bombings (Hiroshima & Nagasaki)
-Instead of invading Japan at the cost of American lives, it was decided to drop two Atomic bombs on Japanese cities
-The military supply base of Hiroshima was the first target; hit on August 6, 1945
-⅔ the city was destroyed, and about 80,000 died (another 80,000 died from radiation the following years)
-The weapons arsenal of Kokura was the next target, but thick clouds blocked the bomb-aimer’s view
-After flying another 100 miles Southwest, they dropped the bomb on the industrial city of Nagasaki; hit on August 9, 1945
-Nagasaki didn’t suffer as much damage as Hiroshima (less to destroy) but had just as many deaths
-Japan surrendered about a month after on September 2, 1945, ending the war
source: The Usborne Introduction to the Second World War Internet - Linked. New York, NY: Scholastic, 2005. Print.
how many other groups was there other than the jews- http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/NonJewishVictims.html,
6 million of the 11 million people that were killed were Polish citizens.
3 million were Polish Jews
another 3 million were Polish Christians
Jehovah’s Witnesses were firm Christians who believed strongly in their believes. Hitler felt threatened by this group
Jehovah’s Witnesses from the very beginning, refused to recognize any other God other than Jehovah
Priests and Pastors died for their beliefs
Hitler wanted to create a new religion and to replace Jesus Christ as a person to be worshipped.
Hitler expected all of his followers to worship the Nazi ideology
Thousand of Catholic priests and Christian pastors were forced into concentration camps
Many husbands and wives of Jews in Germany had been forced to choos between a divorce or a concentration camp and die.
Hitler did not allow “interracial” marriages
Jews that choose to remain married were punished by imprisonment in the concentration camps, where many of them died.
Like the Jews, Roma Gypsies were chosen for total annihilation solely because of their race
What did he do to the Jews-
SITES: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Jews_Nazi_Germany.htm,
Put them in Concentration camps and tortured them to death
Jews were often referred to as “Mein Kampf” and Hitler made plain that he hated them.
After January 1933, jews became the “Untermenschen” or the sub- humans.
In 1934, all Jewish shops were marked with the yellow Star of David or had Juden written on the windows.
Jews had to sit on seats marked for them on buses, trains and park benches.
SA men stood outside the Jewish shops to deter anyone from entering, This was an attempt to bankrupt and destroy what they had spent years building up.
Jewish school children were openly ridiculed by teachers and the bullying of Jews in the playground were other kids went unpunished.
If any of the Jewish children responded by not going to school then that served a purpose in itself and it also gave the Nazi propagandists a reason to peddle the lie that Jewish children were inherently lazy and could be be bothered to go to school.
10,000 shops owned by Jews were destroyed and all of their contents were stolen.
The camp doctors did experiments on the jews like: high altitude using low-pressure chambers, and freezing tests to see the effects of hypothermia by putting them into freezing seawater baths.
numbers of jews
homosexuals
not many people knew about how homosexuals were in the holocaust
the Nazis intended not to exterminate homosexuals, but to “re educate” them
Fifty-five percent of homosexual prisoners died in the camps, as opposed to 40% of political prisoners and 34.7% of the Jehovah’s Witnesses.
On May 6, 1933, Nazis ransacked the "Institute for Sexual Science" in Berlin because it studied homosexuals
Between 1933-45, an estimated 100,000 men were arrested as homosexuals
Most of these men spent time in regular prisons
The vast majority of homosexual victims were males; lesbians were not subjected to systematic persecution
twins (erin)
horrible, disgusting and horrifying experiments were done on them
twins were constantly searched for in the camps for experiments
(Out of the 3 thousand twins found only about 200 survived)
if twins were found- immediately moved somewhere and everyone else was sent to their deaths
if twins were really little, mother’s got to go with them
they would place twins away from each other and do experiments on one and see if the other one is affected as well.
twins were treated much better than other prisoners
-more freedom
-better/more food
-better living spaces
-got to keep their hair and clothing
Each day massive amounts of blood were taken from each twin for testing
Racheal:
SITES: http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/russia.htm, http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/operation_barbarossa.htm,
Russians-
June 1941 WW2 witnessed what was the LARGEST land attack in history- “Operation Barbarossa”
Operation Barbarossa was the name given to Nazi Germany’s who invaded Russia on June 22nd 1941. Barbarossa the largest military attack of World War Two and was to have appalling consequences for the Russian people.
German attack on Russia involved:
3 million soldiers
3580 tanks
7184 artillery guns
1830 planes
750,000 horses
Many Jews lived in Russia (which was known as the USSR at the time)
Hitler wanted the Jews in Russia exhilarated
August of 1939, Hitler and Russia signed a treaty of non- aggression which was supposed to last for 10 years.
The ghettos that were formed-
Warsaw Ghetto-
Largest ghetto in occupied in Europe
was established on the orders of Hans Frank (the most Senior Nazi in Poland)
October 16th 1940 Frank ordered that all Jews in Warsaw and the surrounding areas had to live in areas in the city boundaries
in 1942 Nazis started Operation Reinhard- which was the deportation of Jews from the Ghettos to the death camps.
The Jews in the Warsaw ghetto were in the same predicament as the Jews in the Lodz ghetto.
Lodz was the second largest ghetto that was occupied in Poland.
Rob
sites: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust
It is estimated that 11 million people were killed during the Holocaust.
Six million of these were Jews.
The Nazis killed approximately two-thirds of all Jews living in Europe.
An estimated 1.1 million children were murdered in the Holocaust.
- about 250,000 Roma (gypsies) were killed
we won the war because of production and women and the navaho code talkers and we figured out their code talkers
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