May 6 2011

[3Ally]

Today we are still going over power points. Ehhh.

 

1. Causes of the Cold War-

■America had a democracy.
■Soviet Union was communist.
■America feared a communist attack.
■Both countries feared eachothers government.
■Truman and Stalin didn't get along: argued about power, broke ties at the end of the war. Stalin didn't like that we kept delaying D day because he thought they were using him.
■Refused to join the United Nations.
■The only reason why we were allies was because we had the same enemy: Hitler.
■3 Power Disagreement - Stalin wanted an agreement from Germany.
■US wanted to help Germany.
■US and Germany wanted to stop Communist control.

6. China becoming communist-Mao-



■Civil War carried on intermittently until the two siders were forced to form a temporary Second United Front in 1936 to resist the invasion of Manchuria by Japan.
■Fighting began in 1946 with superior military tactics as well as social revolution they conducted in the countries.
■On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment in Bejing.
■Begining of Communist Rule : from 1949 - 1952 the new government firmly established its control over China and promoted the recovery of the nation's economy.
■Rapid rate of production went up 15% each year.
■Long March: When communist armies escaped to north and south China. Several long marches.
■During Long March Mao finally gained "unchallenged"
■Hua Guofend took over as chairman.

7. NATO(beginning to present), de-Stalinization and peaceful co-existence-



■North Atlantic Treaty Organization - governmental military alliance.
■Based on the North Atlantic Treaty.
■Started in 1949
■US, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Belgium, Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, and the Uk signed it.
■Basically a group of Defensive Countries against communism.
■Still around today.
■First Secretary General was Lord Ismay
■He said the goal for NATO was to "Keep the Russians out, Americans in, and the Germans down.
■In the Cold War - communist countries were expected to be working together during the Korean War.
■Today, NATO's purpose is to protect the freedom of all the members.
■28 countries now including the ones that were first in it.
■Political influence and Military capacity.
■De - Stalinization: process of elimitating EVERYTHING that Stalin did in office.
■Nikita Kruschev began the process.
■Large numbers were released from the Gulag Labor Camp.
■Peaceful co-existence - communist states adopted foreign policy
■Stated that they could peacefully co-exist, but not like eachother.
■Principles: Mutual respect for each others territory, non-aggression, no interference, and there was more but i didn't have time to write them down.

8. Nuclear Arms race(1945-1970)-

• 1945 - 1970.
• Competition between the US and Soviet Union
• During Cold War.
• More weapons means more power.
• US and Soviet Union heavily built up stock piles of nuclear weapons.
• Other countries developed bombs also.
• Didn't produce near as much.
• During WW2 - Manhattan project was made.
• Soviet Union was not informed until Potsdam Conference on July 24, 1945.
• Americans distrusted Soviets.
• Klaus Fuchs was a German Scientist spy at Los Almos when the Manhattan Project was going on.
• When they cold war started Soviets started working on their weapons.
• American predicted USSR weapons would not be ready til mid 1950's.
• Both began to work with hydrogen bombs.
• ICBM's - intercontinental ballistic missiles or rockets. Most important developement in terms of delivery. Missiles were thought to be more effective than strategic bombs.
• Also were cheaper, faster, and more difficult to destroy.
• Biggest problem with ICBM was accuracy.
• Further distance travel meant less accuracy.
• Soviets thought if they had more missiles it meant less quality.
• Americans thought the exact opposite.
• Minuteman: were stored underground.
• October 4 1957 - USSR launched their first missile/satellite called the Sputnik.
• Showed they had missiles that could go anywhere.
• Thus creating the space race.
• In 1961, enough bombs were made to destory the whole world.
• America built DEW line around the Arctic-Defense and Early Warning System.
• Polaris was a submarine that America built, carried missiles underwater. Could move closer to USSR.
• Accuracy increased. Could carry 16 nuclear missiles.
• Defense: first attempts to defend against nuclear weapons in 1950's.
• Fallout shelters were made to hide the president and people were taught how to defend themselves.
• Massive Retaliation/Mutual Deterrence kept from attacking each other or bad things will happen. If they attacked us, we'd attack back harder.
• 

10. The Cuban Missile Crisis-

 

• It considered the closest the world has ever came to a nuclear war.
• Cuba was on the edge of using their weapons if anyone invaded.
• It all started because USSR and US were in the Cold War. USSR was WAY behind US in the arms race.
• Cuba was already expecting an invasion from the US.
• Plan was contructed by Primier Nikita Khrushchev, as he felt this was the only way to catch up to the US in the nuclear arms race.
• Crisis began on October 15 1962. When US reconnaissance photos expulged that USSR missiles were under construction in Cuba.
• When JFK found out, he hastily formed the EX-COMM. This was he and his 12 closet buddies brainstorming out of this mess.
• JFK said that any missiles launched from Cuba would still be considered an attack from the USSR that all weapons will be removed from the island.
• JFk and Khrushchrev would communicate through writing letters. In the meantime, shouldiers would be alert about it. JFK had a blockade on the island, making sure no missiles got out of the island.
• The culmination of the Cuban Missile Crisis was when a U-2 recon plane was shot down over Cuba. It was the first sign of war, a man actually died.
• Khrushchrev wrote to JFK telling him that they'd take out all weapons, only if US didn't invade Cuba.
• There was a second letter from K guy before we could respond to the other one saying that they'll assure to leave Cuba, as long as teh US removes missiles from Turkey.
• General Robert Kennedy cleverly suggested to pretend they never got the second letter.
• All the tension began to disappear when both agreed on terms.

11. The Berlin Wall--Going Up and Coming Down-
12. Nixon's visit to China-
13. 1970's Peace Attempts-Detente, Salt I, Salt II-
14. Effects of the Soviet's invasion of Afghanistan-
15. Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative(Missile Defense System today)-
16. Gorbachev's/Reagan's changing ways-perestroika and glasnost, INF Treaty-
17. The fall of Communism and the end of the Cold War-explain how it all went down-
18. The new map of Europe(up to present)-
19. Why the US won the Cold War-
20. Korean Conflict--