May 4-8

[7Marie]

Monday: Tomorrow anyone with an extra credit power-points can start to go present. Finish with the Cold War and started 9/11.

• In the early morning hours of September 11, 2001, four commercial airliners were hijacked. 8:46 a.m. -American Airlines Flight 11 was the first to crash into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Approximately seventeen minutes later, United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower.

• The second crash was captured on live television. Structural damage to both the North and South Towers caused them to collapse. The South Tower collapsed first at 9:59 a.m. The North Tower collapsed 29 minutes later. At least 2,606 were killed and many more were injured. Among the dead were: 343 firefighters, 23 police officers, 37 Port Authority police officers.

• Arlington, Virginia-D.C -At 9:37 a.m., American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon. The western side of the building was engulfed in flames. Part of the building collapsed. out of 189 people that were killed included among them were: 64 that were on the plane, and 125 that were inside the Pentagon building.

• The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, was expected to head toward the Capital Building in Washington D.C. Passengers in that plane, however, prevented that from happening. Unfortunately, at 10:03 a.m., the plane crashed in a field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania, killing everyone (44 people) on board.

• It took months to complete rescue and recovery efforts. Some survivors were found and rescued from under the rubble, but not many. The fires beneath the rubble burned for weeks, and the cleanup was not fully complete until May 2002. Relief funds were established to help the victims and victims' families.

• In all, 2,996 people died that day, including the 19 hijackers. The youngest victim was a 2-year-old girl on U.A. Flight 175. The oldest victim was an 82-year-old on A.A. Flight 11. To date, the remains of only 1,629 c=victims have been identified. More than 6,000 people were injured. It was the largest attack on United States soil since Pearl Harbor.

• Beyond those who lost their lives on September 11, many thousands more were directly affected. It is estimated that about 3,000 children lost a parent and more than 1,600 people lost a spouse. 20% of Americans knew someone who was either hurt of killed that day. Nearly 150,000 jobs were lost in New York City alone as a result of the attacks. 1 year later, 7 in 10 Americans reported they had experienced depression since the attacks.

• Sporting events were postponed. National parks and landmarks were closed for a while. Late night comedians took some time off. Movies, TV shows, video games were delayed and changed or cancelled. Airports closed for a few days and became much more secure leading to longer waiting times. The Department of Homeland Security was set up. The Patriot Act was passed. Led to water-boarding by the CIA at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. War in Afghanistan-October 2001. Patriotism increased.

• Bush Doctrine- US had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups. United States should depose foreign governments that represented a potential threat to the security of the United States. Encourage democracy around the world, especially in the Middle East as a strategy for combating terrorism.

• One World Trade Center building is 1,776 ft. tall and opened on November, 2014

Tuesday: Finished up with 9/11 and start presenting EC power-points.

• Persian Gulf War- 1990-91 Invasion of Kuwait, Annexation for oil, Countries asked for help, UN helps, first modern war, 4 day ground offensive, not a lot of soldiers killed on the ground thanks to Air Attacks. 4 days later there was a call for cease fire after the offensive.

• Goal- to defend other countries from being invaded and open up trade. Kuwait was originally completely taken over. Operation Desert Shield- Sent troops to Saudi Arabia. Operation Desert Storm- troops sent to Kuwait and helped free them.

• 230,000 deployed- later 200,000 more. 147 battle deaths, 145 missed, 4 hundred something people died from disease. Saddam Hussein/George H. W. Bush.

• Kuwait was in shambles, Iraq and enraged and blew up oil rigs/stations. Lead to the Iraq-Iran war of 2003.

• Bill Clinton- 42nd pres, 1993-2001, he was seen as a popular person. Born on August 19, 1946. Served as the Governor of Arkansas in 1979-1981 and 1983-1992.

• During his reign, he had the lowest unemployment rates and inflation rates. NAFTA was passed by him. Over 22.5 million new jobs were created and unemployment rate had dropped from 7.5% to 4.0%.

• Raised education standards, lowered crime rate, helped reformed welfare.

• Had a few scandals that involved his personal life. blamed for the 2003 Space Shuttle explosion, 2nd pres to be impeached, governor that was seen as inappropriate.

Wednesday: Gone for a French class trip (probably continued with EC power-points)

Thursday: Bruns finished his power-point on the War in Afghanistan

• War in Afghanistan- Al-Qaeda means "the Base". It is a stateless terrorist organization. It was led and financed by Osama Bin Laden, a radical Sunni Muslim. It is now led by Ayman al-Zawahiri.

• The beginnings of Al-Qaeda goes back to the 1980s when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.

• USSR vs. Afghanistan (1979-1989) The Soviet army left in 1988. US helped the mujaheddin fight the Soviets. In 1990, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded the tiny, oil-rich country of Kuwait during Gulf War I. Operation Desert Storm- the United States feared Saddam would invade Saudi Arabia too. The United States asked the Saudis for permission to establish military bases in their country.

• Osama Bin Laden, back home from Afghanistan, offered the Saudis the use of his soldiers to fight the Iraqi army because infidel armies have no place in the holy land of Islam. The Saudis chose the USA and snubbed Bin Laden. In 1991- in Laden leaves Saudi Arabia for Sudan.

• In November 2002, Bin Laden wrote his "Letter to America" outlining motives: 1) Western support for attacking Muslims Somalia, 2) Supporting Russian atrocities against Muslims in Chechnya, 3) Supporting the Indian oppression against Muslims in Kashmir, 4) Supporting the Jewish aggression against Muslims in Lebanon, 5) The presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia due to Iraq invading Kuwait, 6) US support of Israel, and 7) Economic Sanctions against Iraq.

• According to Bin Laden, he has never said that the attacks were/are/will be because of American freedoms, the rights of our citizens, or even because of our religious differences. He has said that the reason for the attacks of the past as well as those of the future will be because of the way US and its allies treat the Muslim World.

• December 4, 1992- George H.W. Bush sends 28,000 American troops to Somalia. Bush wanted to help the Somali people since all attempts to send food to them were intercepted by war lords.

• Black Hawk Down- 1993, 18 Americans died when their Black Hawk helicopter was shot down over Mogadishu, Somalia. The US thinks that Al-Qaeda operatives taught the Somalians how to shoot down helicopters just like they did in Afghanistan against the Soviets.

• 1993- The 1st World Trade Center bombing. It killed 6 people and injured over 1,000. May 1996- Sudan expels Bin Laden and he returns to Afghanistan.

• Afghanistan was run by the Taliban, a violent local, Afghanistani group led by Mullah Omar. Public Execution in 1999. The Taliban did not plan the 9/11 attacks, but they let Bin Laden Operate in Afghanistan and refused to turn him over to the US. In August 1998, Al-Qaeda, led by Bin Laden, and Ayman Zawahiri declared war on the US.

• Embassy Bombings in 1998- Two American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were bombed simultaneously. 220 people were killed. Pres Clinton decided to attack Al-Qaeda in response. US sends missiles against Qaeda training camps in Sudan and Afghanistan- to little effect.

• Millennium Attacks Foiled- Jordanian police halted 4 bombings. Four Al-Qaeda terrorists arrested crossing the Canadian border with nitroglycerin in their trunk. They set out to bomb LA International Airport. In Yemen, a boat with explosives tried to bomb a navy ship but sank due to being overloaded. In Yemen, Al-Qaeda sent a suicide bomber aboard a small ship near the USS Cole and detonated its bomb, blowing a large hole in the US Navy ship. 17 sailors were killed.

• Bush Doctrine- US had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups. US should depose foreign governments that represented a potential threat to the security of the US. Encourage democracy around the world, especially in the Middle East as a strategy for combating terrorism.

• Operation Enduring Freedom- Invaded Afghanistan in October 7, 2001. Mission: Capture Osama Bin Laden, Destroy Al-Qaeda network, Remove Taliban Regime.

• 49 countries have sent troops over the years. Seal Team Six- killed Laden on May 2, 2011.

Friday: Continued on the War in Afghanistan and started talking about the Iraqi War