May 4-8

[5Jordan]

Monday- notes

Tuesday- finish notes

Wednesday- notes

Thursday- notes

Friday- notes

Berlin Wall comes down- 1989

• symbol for the end of the cold war

Boris Yeltsin 

• first president of Russia???

Why did US win cold war

• we had close ties with Allies and USSR didnt
• China started siding with us after 1972
• Soviet economy was in shambles whereas US was flourishing
  • Huge deficit
  • high inflation
  • corruption
  • social problems
  • shortage of basic needs
• strong anti-communist presidency of Reagan 
• Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform
  • glasnost and perestroika
  • admitted soviets made many mistakes
  • tool blame for cold war
  • communist system had failed
  • allowed Eastern Europe to do what the wanted*******************
• Arms reduction talks
  • SALT, INF, Reagan-Gorbachev meetings
• Soviet mistakes
  • invasion of Afghanistan 
  • ignoring social concern 
  • spent everything on military

Post Cold War

• In the 1990's the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place
• President Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military
• 9-11 caught the US off guard

What impact did the Fall of the Soviet Union and Communist have on Europe and the world?

• New countries broke out of USSR
  • estonia, latvia, belar
• East and west Germany re-unified
• rise of democracy and capitalism throughout Europe
• Wars and ethnic cleansing- Yugoslavia(Serbia, Kosovo, 
• The world became more unified and more independent
• the rise of radical Islamic groups- Taliban, al-queda
• The US emerged as the singular major power in the world

9-11

What happened

• al-queda took over planes and crashed into twin towers,  and another target in DC 

New York Attack

• they hijacked 4 airplanes
• hit the north tower of the world trade center
• everyone thought it was an accident 
• the second one hit 17 min later
• 2,600 people died****************************************

DC Attack

• American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon
• Western side of building was engulfed in flames

Shanksville Pennsylvania

• Fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93 was expected to hit Capitol Building
• was not successful

Rescue and Recovery Effort

• took months to recover things
• some survivors were found and rescued from under the rubble

Broader Effects

• many people lost jobs 
• many people lost spouses and loved ones
• sporting events were postponed
• national parks and landmarks were close for awhile from fear of being attacked
• late night comedies took time off
• Patriot Act
• Water boarding
  • lay people down and pour water on their face 
  • led to killing of osama-bin laden 
• Bush Doctrine
  • US had to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups
  • encourage democracy around the world

Civil Rights

Basic Definition

• national effort made by African American people .....
• not allowed to vote
• segregation in schools and businesses

Important People

• Martin Luther King Jr.
  • Assassinated by James Ray
  • He was a minister 
  • killed because he was an African american spokes person
  • founder of Southern Christian Leadership Conference
  • Organized Montgomery Bus Boycott
  • used his words, didnt agree with what Malcolm was doing 
• Rosa Parks
  • African American woman civil rights activist
  • known as the first lady of the civil rights
  • known for not giving up her seat to a white male, she was arrested 
• Malcolm X
  • Assassinated by Hagan
  • American Muslim minister and Human Rights activist
  • was more violent than MLK
• Bayard Rustin
  • Co-Founder of Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Major Events

• Selma to Montgomery Marches
  • African Americans marched from Selma to Montgomery to protesting voting rights 
  • Met by white police force who brutally assaulted 
• March on Washington
  • "I have a dream speech"
    • shed light on political and social problems faced by African Americans
    • wanted peaceful coexistence between black and white people
• Montgomery Bus Boycott
  • first large scale protest of racism in US
  • started with Rosa Parks being arrested
  • people wouldn't ride the buses and would walk
• Central High School 
  • first integrated school in south
    • wasn't segregated
  • National guard blocked entrance to school
  • Eisenhower sent troops to escort students into school 
• Acts and Laws
  • Brown vs. Board 
    • ended legal segregation of schools
  • Bailey vs. Patterson
    • banned the segregation of public schools
  • Civil Rights Act
    • discrimination in voting
    • had to hire whites and black with equal opportunity
  • Voting Rights Act
    • prohibits denial or restriction of the right to vote
  • Loving vs Virginia
    • legalized interracial marriage 

Kennedy Assassination

• Shot 
• bullets went through his head 
• governor was hit in his chest
• Lee Harvey Oswald killed JFK

Conspiracy for the killing

• Soviets
• The Mafia
• The Cubans
• Lyndon Johnson
• The CIA

History of Al-Qaeda and Terrorism against the USA

• Means the base
• world wide terrorist network
• led by osama bin laden 
• now led by Ayman al-Zawahiri
• When did it form?
  • 1980's when SU invaded Afghanistan
• Bin Laden and the Arab Afghans fought the SU in Afghanistan
  • Soviet army left in 1988
  • we helped mujaheddin fight the soviets
• Desert Storm(Gulf War 1) 
  • In 1990 Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein invaded country of Kuwaitt
• Operation Desert Storm
  • US feared Saddam would invade Saudi Arabia
  • we sent troops there to protect them 
  • they hated us 
• Saudi's Choice
  • Osama bin Laden offered Saudi's, a use of our soldiers?????/
  • chose US
• Bin Laden leaves Saudi Arabia and goes to Sudan

War in Afghanistan

Letter to America

Taliban comes to power in 1996*************???????????????

Embassy Bombing*********************************************************

Khalid Mohammed- came up with the idea of 9-11

Invaded Afghanistan (Oct.7, 2001)

• Called Operation Enduring Freedom
• Capture Osama bin laden
• destroy al-Qaeda network
• remove Taliban regime

War in Iraq

• Iraq was controlled by the Ba'ath Party from 1968 until 2003 (Saddam Hussein)
  • We invade and got rid of his party
• new constitution was drafted to support democracy
• Iran won 
• We supported Iraq in this war

Persian Gulf War

• War started when Iraq invaded and annexed Kuwait 
• We saved Kuwait
• Iraq invaded Kuwait over oil disputes****************************

UN Reaction

• UN told them to leave by a certain date but they didnt so we made them leave and Kuwait was saved

Consequences on Iraq

• Economic sanctions
• Weapons inspectors
  • to make sure they aren't getting nuclear weapons
• no fly zone

Iraq War 2003-2011

• Called Operation Iraqi Freedom by the US military
• Conflict that occurred in Iraq

Main Cause

• we believed he was making nuclear weapons
  • why we went into Iraq for war
• Other Possible Causes
  • some thought Saddam was supporting al-Qaeda 
  • Iraqi human rights abused
  • wanted to spread democracy
  • oil interests
  • President Bush wanted to "fix what his daddy messed up"
• Issues in Iraq after Invasion
  • violence against coalition forces
  • civil war and sectarian(violence between religious groups) violence
  • emerge of al-Qaeda in Iraq (ISIS) 

President Obamas POlicies

• Pulled out US troops in December 2011 and it ended Iraq War