May 2nd- 6th (Cold War Notes)

Monday- Cold War Notes

Stalin wanting Berlin
- Truman and Stalin were fighting over Berlin
- Stalin felt like we held the bomb against them---but we never were going to use it
Second Red Scare-1947-1957
- Causes
  - 1. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
    - Found guilty for spying for the Soviets-Executed in 1953
  - Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe-1945
  - USSR detonating their atomic bomb-1949
  - China becoming communists-1949
  - Korean War=Domino effect-1950
  - Stalin's action in Germany- Berlin Blockade
East and West Germany- 1949
- Became one country again in 1960
ChiangKai Shek
- - We supported this Chinese leader
  - Attacked by Japan
  - His people fled South to islands
- Mao Zedong-
  - Communists Leader
Alien Registration Act of 1940
- Smith Act
  - Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US
  - Required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government
  - 215 people were indicated under being a communists
Senator Joe McCarthy
- Accused people of being communists
- Had hearings
- Republican
- 1950 gave speech about 205 communists in the State of Department
- became one of the most powerful people in the US
  - Downfall
    - Fell in 1954 for accusing so many people of communism
    - Died three years later from alcoholism
- McCarthyism
  - The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard of evidence
House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC
- 1945-1975
  - went after directors and actors in Hollywood
  - films were spreading Communist propaganda
  - Set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
  - Hollywood Ten
    - Each man found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine
USSR Launches Sputnik- 1957
- Fell behind
- First machine, and man in space
  - Yuri Gagarin-1961

Tuesday- Cold War Notes

Berlin Wall
- about 100 people lost their lives
- Tore families apart
- 12 feet tall and 300 watch towers, and 150 watch dogs
  - Brandenburg Gate and Checkpoint Charlie
  - Separated East and West Germany/ Berlin
Bay Of Pigs
- Body of water near Cuba
  - Cuba was Spanish controlled
- CIA trained Cubans to over throw Fidel Castro
  - Kennedy didn't want it to look like it was America's idea
  - America decides to not give air support
  - Cubans were out of luck
Range of Soviet Missiles Launched From Cuba
- Blockade around Cuba
  - No Soviet Ships into Cuba
The Compromise
- The Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba
- The US would promise never to invade Cuba
- The US would secretly remove out nuclear missiles from Turkey with six months
Leonid Brezhnev
- 1964-1982
  - Leader during Detente (ended in 1979)
  - Nixon visited China and Moscow
Soviets Invade Afghanistan -1979
- Invaded them to stay in power
- Terrorists groups

Wednesday- Cold War Notes

Ronald Reagan Becomes President in 1981
- Ran on a very strong anti-communist platform
- Soviets had just invaded Afghanistan
Mikhail Gorbachev Comes to Power in 1985
- Willing to open door for Soviets
  - Freedom of speech and opinions
- Perestoika- Reconstructing of the Soviet economy and political system
  - More Democracy
  - Free Elections
- Glasnost- More openness of the Soviet government and for its people
  - Free speech and press
Berlin Wall Comes Down
- Nov. 9, 1989
Boris Yeltsin-
- President of Russia (1991-1999)
Why we Won
- 1) Had close ties with our Allies and the USSR didn't
- 2) China started siding with us after 1972
- 3) Soviet economy was in shambles whereas the US's was flourishing
  - a. Huge deficit
  - b. High inflation
  - c. Corruptions
  - d. Social problems
  - e. Shortage of basic needs (food, housing)
- 4) The Strong anti- communists presidency of Reagan
- 5) Gorbachev's willingness for change and reform
  - a. glasnost and perestroika
  - b. admitted Soviet mistakes
  - c. Took blame for Cold War
  - d. Communist system had failed
  - e. Allowed Eastern Europe to do what they wanted
- 6) Arms Reduction Talks
  - a. SALT, INF, Reagan- Gorbachev meetings
- 7) Soviet Mistakes
  - a. Invasion of Afghanistan
  - b. Ignoring social concerns
  - c. Spent everything on military
Post-Cold War
- In the 1990's, the world seemed to be a much more peaceful place
- We didn't have any major threat to worry about
- President Clinton closed down numerous military bases around the country reducing the size of the US military
- 9-11 caught the US off guard

Thursday- Working on 80's Presentation

Friday- Working on 80's Presentation

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May 2nd- 6th (Cold War Notes)

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