Monday- I was gone, but i got my notes from Kara Rueschenberg
The Cold War (continued)
- The Second Red Scare
- 1947-1957
- Causes:
- 1. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
- Found guilty of spying for the Soviets- executed in 1953
- 2. The Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe
- 1945
- 3. The USSR detonating their atomic bomb
- 1949
- 4. China becoming communist in 1949
- 5. The Korean War starting in 1950
- Domino Effect
- 6. Stalin's actions in Germany- Berlin Blockade
- 1. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
- Alger Hiss Trial
- 1950
- In 1948, Alger Hiss was accused of being a member of a Communist group whose purpose had been to infiltrate the US government
- Hiss maintained innocence throughout trials
- In 1949, the trial ended with a hung jury (8-4 in favor of conviction)
- The second trial began later in 1949 and found Hiss guilty
- Hiss's conviction was later upheld by the Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court
- In 1992, a former Soviet intelligence officer said that Hiss was not a Soviet spy, but rather a victim of Cold War hysteria
- East and West Germany
- 1949-1990
- Germany was split into four zones (US, British, and French controlled West Germany) (USSR controlled East Germany)
- Berlin was also split into four zones
- Chiang Kai Shek v. Mao Zedong
- Mao created a civil war to try to overtake the government
- China invaded by Japan, Japan was defeated
- China went back to civil war, Mao wins
- Chiang Kai Shek and his people flee to Taiwan
- Taiwan is officially part of China, but has special circumstances
- Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act)
- Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government
- Required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government
- Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation, including alleged communists, Anarchists, and fascists
- Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until the Supreme Court decision declared the law unconstitutional in 1957
- McCarthy and McCarthyism
- Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) was a Republican Senator from Wisconsin
- In 1950, he gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of 205 Communists in the State Department (205 people in the government are communists)
- No one in the press actually saw the names on the list, but McCarthy's announcement made national news and caused panic throughout the country
- McCarthy became one of the most powerful people in the US
- Supporters of McCarthy
- 1. Republicans
- 2. Catholics
- 3. Conservative Protestants
- 4. Blue-collar workers
- 5. Joseph Kennedy and his family
- McCarthy's Downfall
- McCarthy's downfall finally began in October 1953, when he started to investigate "communist infiltration into the military"
- This was the final straw for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who realized that McCarthy's movement needed to be stopped
- In late 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges
- McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism
- McCarthyism
- The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence
- House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
- 1945-1975
- This organization went after directors and actors in Hollywood
- The committee believed that films were spreading communist propaganda
- They set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
- Hollywood Ten
- Ten biggest people who ran the movie industry
- Each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine
- Charlie Chaplain was blacklisted due to this
- US Test Hydrogen Bomb
- 1952
- 1,000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb
- Set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands
- USSR Launches Sputnik
- 1957
- Russian satellite, first satellite in space
- Yuri Gagarin
- 1961
- Russian
- First person in space
- This and the Sputnik caused the US to panic because the USSR was ahead of us
- Francis Gary Powers Shot Down in USSR
- 1960
- USSR shoots down a US weather plane (or so Eisenhower said)
- Eisenhower Embarrassment
- Khrushchev:
- "I must tell you a secret. When I made my first report I deliberately did not say that the pilot was alive and well...and now just look how many silly things [the Americans]" have said
- Francis Gary Powers was actually a spy for the US and his plane was shot down
- This was an embarrassment for Eisenhower because he was caught in a lie
- Berlin Wall
- 1961
- Why was the wall built?
- People were literally running to West Berlin to escape Communism
- The wall was built to keep people in Eastern Europe
- Brandenberg Gate and Checkpoint Charlie
- The only place to legally go from East to West Berlin
- Had to go through government officials
- Was a long process
Tuesday- We continued talking about Cuba and Russia
- Fidel Castro
- US sends Cubans to kill Castro
- Cuban missile crisis
- Closest US has ever been to nuclear warfare
- US Quarantined Cuba
- Stopped sending in missiles
Wednesday-
We Finished up the cold war- Quiz tomorrow!!
- Cold war
- Strong anti- communist presidencey of Reagan
- Gorbachev's wllingness for change and reform
- Glasnost and Perestroika
- Admitted to mistakes
- Took blame
- Communism failed
- Allowed eastern europe to do what they wanted
- Arms mistakes.
- Social mistakes
- Invasion of Afghanistan
- Post Cold war
- 90's- more peaceful
- No major threats
- Closed down numerous military bases
- 9-11 caught us off guard
Comments