May 2-6

Monday- Cold War (Absent)

Tuesday- Cold War

Wednesday- Cold War

Thursday- Test

Friday- Work Day

Cold War (1945-1990)

Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US
- Wanted to promotes open markets for US goods to prevent another depression
  - Concerned about soldiers coming back and not having jobs (another depression)
- Promotes democracy thought the world, especially in Asia and Africa
- Stop the spread of communism
  - Policy of Containment
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR
- Wanted to create greater security for itself
  - Lost Tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin's purges
  - feared a strong Germany
- Establish defensible borders
- Encourage friendly governments on its borders
- Spread communism around the world
Key Terms
- Iron Curtain Speech
  - Winston Churchill- lost power after war, but came back
  - There was an "iron curtain" that separated the free countries from the communist countries
- Domino Theory (Effect)
  - Eisenhower- 1954
  - Once one country turns to communism, they will all turn to communism
  - US had to stay strong
- Policy of Containment
  - 1946- US tried to contain USSR to prevent the spread of communism
- Truman Doctrine
  - British were helping the Greek government fight against communists guerrillas
  - Appealed to America for aid and we responded with the Truman Doctrine
  - Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies and by 1949 had defeated the communists
- Marshall Plan
  - 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall plan
  - Economic aid to plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war
    - Helping Europe recover economically would provide markets for American goods, befitting American industry
    - A Prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism
- Brinkmanship
  - 1950's and 1960's
  - Nikita Khrushchev and Kennedy were trying to stay out of war together
- Massive retaliation/Mutual Deterrence/Mutual Assured Destruction
  - both US and USSR have lots of bombs
  - MR-fighting back just as strong as the other
  - MD-nobody fires at each other because they know they both have nuclear weapons

NATO
- 1949 Western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against Russia
- Defensive Alliance
- First peacetime alliance in US history
  - America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway, and Italy
  - Still here today
Warsaw Pact-
- 1955-1991
- A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe.
- answer to NATO
- included Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
CIA vs KGB
- Central Intelligence Agency-1947-Present
  - Got into trouble for being cruel--- you can "torture" people to keep out/ defeat bad leaders, but don't let us know about it
  - Our spies
- Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti
  - USSR version of CIA for America
  - Their spies
  - Committee for State Security (1954-1991)
- Stalin died in 1953
Nikita Khrushchev
- Takes over USSR 1953-1964
Peaceful Co-existence- after 1953
- We don't have to agree with each other
- Stay neutral so war won't break out again
De-Stalinization-After 1953
- Quit killing so many innocent people
- take down all statues of Stalin
Detente- 1970's
- Nixon went to China to start a better relationship with China and Soviet Union
- Water Gate was sting happening-- trying to keep that under the rug
Mikhail Gorbachev comes to Power in USSR-1985
- Ended communism in Soviet Union
- Perestroika
  - Reconstructing of the Soviet economy and political system
    - more democracy
    - free elections
- Glasnost
  - More openness of the Soviet government and for it's people
    - free speech and press
USSR's First Atomic Test
- 1949
Nuclear Powers of the World
- Soviet Union, United States, China, France, UK
  - India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, Iran

Nuclear Power Treaties/Organization
- Nuclear Test Ban Treaty-1963
  - Underground nuclear testing
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty-1970
- "Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology"
- "Promote cooperation i the peaceful uses of nuclear energy"
- "Further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament"
Anti-Ballistic Missile-1972-US/USSR
- Limited weapons that would seek out and destroy nuclear weapons once launched
- In the 1980's, President Ronald Reagan announces the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
- US withdraws in 2002 under George W. Bush
  - Withdrew due to missile defense system
  - Program is designed to counter an nuclear missile attack on the US or Allies
Salt Treaty-US/USSR-1972
- SALT -Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
  - Froze number of strategic ballistic missile launchers at existing levels
  - Limited new submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM)
  - President Nixon, and L.I. Brezhnev
- Salt II was signed but never ratified by Congress
  - Due to Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979
Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty in 1996
- Signed by Bill Clinton
- Not ratified by the Senate
International Atomic Energy Agency- 1957
- Goes around making sure everyone is following conduct
- looking for nuclear weapons
INF Treaty-1987
- Reducing nuclear weapons for USSR and US
START Treaties -1991
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
- Largest and most complex arms control treaty in history
- resulted in the removal of about 80 percent of all strategic nuclear weapons in existence
- Start I treaty expired in 2009
SORT- 2003
- Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
- Between US and Russia
- Stockpile of both deployed and reserve nuclear weapons was to be cut in half by 2012
- Goal was achieve in 2007 for US
New START- 2011----(until 2021)
- Signed by Obama and former Russian President Medvedev
- Number of strategic nuclear missile launchers will be reduced by half
- new inspection and verification system will be established

Second Red Scare-1947-1957
- Causes:
  - Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Trial
    - Found guilty of spying for the Soviets-executed in 1953
  - The Iron Curtain surrounding Eastern Europe-1945
  - The USSR detonating their atomic bomb-1949
  - China becoming communist in 1949
  - The kOrean War starting in 1950-Domino Effect
  - Stalin's actions in Germany- Berlin Blockade
Alien Registration Act of 1940 (Smith Act)
- Made it illegal to advocate the overthrow of the US government
- Required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government
- Approximately 215 people were indicted under the legislation, including alleged communists, Anarchists, and fascists
- Prosecutions under the Smith Act continued until the Supreme Court decision declared law unconstitutional in 1957
McCarthy and McCarthyism
- Joseph McCarthy (1908-1957) was a Republican Senator from Wisconsin
- In 1950, he gave a speech where he claimed to have a list of 205 communists
McCarthy's Downfall
- McCarthy's downfall finally began in Oct. 1953, when he started to investigate "communist infiltration into the military'
- This was the final straw for President Dwight D. Eisenhower who realized that McCarthy's movement needed to be stopped
- In late 1954, the Senate voted to censure him for his conduct and to strip him of his privileges
- McCarthy died three years later from alcoholism
McCarthyism
- The practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence.
House Un-American Activities Committee-HUAC-1945-1975
- This organization went after directors and actors in Hollywood
- The committee believed that films were spreading communist propaganda
- they set up hearings to investigate the movie industry
- Hollywood Ten
  - Each man was found guilty and sentenced to spend a year in prison and pay a $1,000 fine
US Test Hydrogen Bomb- 1952
- 1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb
- Set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands

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May 2-6

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